Abstract
This chapter summarizes and critically reviews the methods of assisted bladder emptying and other conservative treatment options. Intermittent catheterization is considered the gold standard of bladder evacuation in those patients where physiological spontaneous voiding is not possible. In individual cases, assisted voiding including bladder expression, triggered voiding, or voiding by abdominal straining may be used to empty the bladder. Even though assisted voiding seems simple and straightforward, it must be considered potentially dangerous for the patient. It often causes a pressure increase in the bladder during micturition and leads to incomplete emptying with reduction of the functional bladder capacity. All potential benefits and risks should be carefully considered, and assisted voiding should be used only in carefully selected patients.
According to the current recommendation of the International Continence Society (ICS), behavioral modifications are considered a first-line treatment in all patients with urinary incontinence. Behavioral treatment is simple, noninvasive, and inexpensive and has no side effects. It could be recommended in selected patients with neurogenic disorders.
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Krhut, J. (2023). Assisted Bladder Emptying. In: Liao, L., Madersbacher, H. (eds) Handbook of Neurourology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1659-7_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1659-7_24
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