Skip to main content

Discourse and Camera Control in Interactive Narratives

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter provides a survey of research on the analysis and generation of narrative discourse that deals with effective presentation of story content through the visual medium. It starts with a theoretical grounding in narratology and cognitive science where the distinction between story and discourse is established. Theories of visual discourse that expand the notions of textual discourse to fit the analysis of visual narratives will be described. Finally, a discussion of automatic generation of coherent visual discourse in terms of viewpoint selection in virtual environments will be carried out.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Recommended Reading

  • B. Adams, C. Dorai, S. Venkatesh, Toward automatic extraction of expressive elements from motion pictures: tempo. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 4(4), 472–481 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Arijon, Grammar of the Film Language (Silman-James Press, Los Angeles, 1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.-C. Bae, R. M. Young, A use of flashback and foreshadowing for surprise arousal in narrative using a plan-based approach, in International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, eds. by U. Spierling, N. Szilas. LNCS 5334, pp. 156–167 (Springer, Berlin, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • W. H. Bares, J. P. Gregoire, J. C. Lester, Realtime constraint-based cinematography for complex interactive 3d worlds, in AAAI/IAAI, pp. 1101–1106 (AAAI Press/MIT Press, Boston, 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Barthes, Introduction to the Structural Analysis of the Narrative. Communications (Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Bremond, The logic of narrative possibilities. New Lit. Hist. 11(3), 387–411 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.V. Broek, The effects of causal structure on the comprehension of narratives: implications for education. Read. Psychol. 10(1), 19–44 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Chatman, Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film (Cornell University Press, New York, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Y.-G. Cheong, R. M. Young, Narrative generation for suspense: modeling and evaluation, in ICIDS, pp. 144–155 (Springer, Berlin, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Christianson, S. Anderson, L.-W. He, D. Salesin, D. Weld, M. Cohen, Declarative camera control for automatic cinematography. In AAAI ‘96 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Douze, Z. Harchaoui, C. Schmid, D. Potapov, Category-specific video summarization. In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Zurich, (Springer, Berlin, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. M. Drucker, D. Zeltzer, Camdroid: a system for implementing intelligent camera control. In Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Monterey, pp. 139–144 (ACM, New York, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Eisenstein, The Film Sense (Hartcourt, Orland, 1942)

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Elson, M. Riedl, A lightweight intelligent virtual cinematography system for machinima production, in Artificial Intelligence in Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), Palo Alto, 2007. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.J. Grosz, C.L. Sidner, Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse. Comput. Linguist. 12(3), 175–204 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • L.-W. He, C. Michael, S. David, The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for real-time camera control and directing, in Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, New Orleans, pp. 217–224 (ACM, New York, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Jhala, R. M. Young, A discourse planning approach to cinematic camera control for narratives in virtual environments, in AAAI, pp. 307–312 (AAAI Press/MIT Press, Boston, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Joseph, The Five C’s of Cinematography (Cine/Grafic Publications, Hollywood, 1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Magliano, J. Miller, R. Zwaan, Indexing space and time and film understanding. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 15, 533–545 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Mccloud, Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art (Tundra Publishing, Northampton, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Mccloud, Making Comics: Storytelling Secrets of Comics, Manga and Graphic Novels (Harper, New York, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Merabti, M. Christie, K. Bouatouch, A virtual director inspired by real directors, in Workshops at the Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Quebec (ACM, New York, 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Metz, Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Monaco, How to Read a Film: The World of Movies, Media, and Multimedia: Language, History, Theory (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Prince, A Dictionary of Narratology (University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. B. Sanokho, M. Christie, On-screen visual balance inspired by real movies, in Workshops at the Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Quebec (ACM, New York, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • B. T. Truong, S. Venkatesh, Video abstraction: a systematic review and classification. ACM Trans. on Multimedia Computation, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 1–37 (ACM, New York, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. L. Wang, L. F. Cheong, Taxonomy of directing semantics for film shot classification. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.19, No.10, pp.1529–1542 (Oct 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Zwaan, G. A. Radvansky, Situation models in language comprehension and memory. Psychological Bulletin, Vol.123, No.2, pp.162–185 (American Psychological Association, Washington, 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Zwaan, M. C. Langston, A. C. Graesser, The construction of sitiation models in narrative comprehension: An event-indexing model. Psychological Science, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 292–297 (Sage Publications, London, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arnav Jhala .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Jhala, A. (2016). Discourse and Camera Control in Interactive Narratives. In: Nakatsu, R., Rauterberg, M., Ciancarini, P. (eds) Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-52-8_56-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-52-8_56-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-4560-52-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics