Skip to main content

Opportunistic Networking for Games and Entertainment

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 452 Accesses

Abstract

These days we are witnessing a tremendous increase in the availability of personal communication devices that are able to provide ubiquitous connection. As a result, we can also see an increasing demand for mobile services where content is personalized based on user location and context. Mobile multiplayer gaming is today provided as a service and, of course, is not an exception. Unfortunately, differently from other legacy services, location- and context-based gaming strictly requires near-field communication to interact with nearby players in order to create teams and arenas. Since currently adopted technologies suffer from scalability (Bluetooth) or energy (WiFi) constraints, Opportunistic Networks (ONs) have already been addressed as a viable solution to involve potential players which are located in the surrounding area. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear how player experience will be affected by the increased delay and probabilistic message forwarding introduced by an ON. In this chapter the aforementioned phenomenon will be addressed in order to achieve a better understanding of the problem, and, thanks to a case study, guidelines for game designers will be provided to actually deliver a compelling and intriguing experience through an opportunistic game.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Recommended Reading

  • S. Ahmed, S. Kanhere, Cluster-based forwarding in delay tolerant public transport networks, in Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (2007), pp. 625–634

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Balasubramanian, B. Levine, A. Venkataramani, DTN routing as a resource allocation problem, in Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (2007), pp. 373–384

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Banerjee, M.D. Corner, B.N. Levine, Design and field experimentation of an energy-efficient architecture for DTN throwboxes. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking 18(2), 554–567 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Boldrini, M. Conti, A. Passarella, Modelling data dissemination in opportunistic networks, in Proceedings of the Third ACM Workshop on Challenged Networks (2008), pp. 89–96

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Brockmann, L. Hufnagel, T. Geisel, The scaling laws of human travel. Nature 439, 462–465 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Burgess, B. Gallagher, D. Jensen, B.N. Levine, Maxprop: routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks, in Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Cai, D.Y. Eun, Aging rules: what does the past tell about the future in mobile ad-hoc networks? in: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking and Computing (2009), pp. 115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Chaintreau, P. Hui, J. Crowcroft, C. Diot, R. Gass, J. Scott, Impact of human mobility on the design of opportunistic forwarding algorithms, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (2006), pp. 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Coulton, O. Rashid, W. Bamford, Experiencing “Touch” in mobile mixed reality games, in Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference in Computer Game Design and Technology (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • I.D.D. Curcio, M. Lundan, SIP call setup delay in 3G networks, in Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Computers and Communications (2002), pp. 835–840

    Google Scholar 

  • C.T. De Oliveira, R.B. Braga, D.M. Taveira, N.C. Fern, O.C.M.B. Duarte, A predicted-contact routing scheme for brazilian rural networks, in Proceedings of the Electrical Engineering Program, COPPE/UFRJ (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Dedrick, V. Gurbaxani, K. Kraemer, Information technology and economic performance: a critical review of the empirical evidence. ACM Comput. Surv. 35(1), 1–28 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Demmer, K. Fall, Dtlsr: delay tolerant routing for developing regions, in Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions (2007), pp. 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Ekman, A. Keränen, J. Karvo, J. Ott, Working day movement model, in Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE Workshop on Mobility Models (2008), pp. 33–40

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Fall, A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets, in Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (2003), pp. 27–34

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Flintham, S. Benford, R. Anastasi, T. Hemmings, A. Crabtree, C. Greenhalgh, N. Tandavanitj, Where on-line meets on the streets: experiences with mobile mixed reality games, in Proceedings of the of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2003), pp. 569–576

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Gass, C. Diot, An Experimental Performance Comparison of 3G and Wi-Fi, in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Passive and Active Measurement, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 6032 (2010), pp. 71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Giaccone, D. Hay, G. Neglia, L. Rocha, Routing in quasi-deterministic intermittently connected networks, in Bioinspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems, vol. 39 (2009), pp. 126–129

    Google Scholar 

  • M.C. Gonzalez, C.A. Hidalgo, A.L. Barabasi, Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature 453, 779–782 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Google. Android dashboard: platform versions (2014), http://developer.android.com/about/dashboards/. Accessed 11 Nov 2014

  • D.L. Hansen, Z.O. Toups, L.E. Nacke, A. Salter, W. Lutters, E. Bonsignore, Mixed reality games, in Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Hui, A. Chaintreau, J. Scott, R. Gass, J. Crowcroft, C. Diot, Pocket switched networks and the consequences of human mobility in conference environments, in Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM First Workshop on Delay Tolerant Networking and Related Topics (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Hui, J. Crowcroft, E. Yoneki, Bubble rap: social-based forwarding in delay tolerant networks, in MobiHoc, in Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking and Computing (2008), pp. 241–250

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Jain, K. Fall, R. Patra, Routing in a delay tolerant network, in Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (2004), pp. 145–158

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Jetcheva, Y.C. Hu, S. PalChaudhuri, A. Saha, D. Johnson, Design and evaluation of a metropolitan area multitier wireless ad hoc network architecture, in Proceedings of the Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (2003), pp. 32–43

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Lakaniemi, J. Rosti, V.I. Raisanen, Subjective VoIP speech quality evaluation based on network measurements, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 3 (2001), pp. 748–752

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Le, M. Jukka, Energy consumption analysis of WLAN, 2G and 3G interfaces, in Proceedings of the of IEEE/ACM Int’l Conference on Green Computing and Communications (2010), pp. 300–307

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Lee, S. Hong, S. Kim, I. Rhee, S. Chong, SLAW: a mobility model for human walks, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (2009), pp. 855–863

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Lindgren, A. Doria, O. Schelén, Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. Mobile Comput. Commun. Rev. 7(3), 19–20 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Maggiorini, C. Quadri, L.A. Ripamonti, On the Feasibility of opportunistic collaborative mixed reality games in a real urban scenario, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (2012a), pp. 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Maggiorini, C. Quadri, L.A. Ripamonti, Scaling online collaborative games to urban level, in Proceedings of the IFIP Wireless Days Conference (2012b), pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Maggiorini, L.A. Ripamonti, A. Bujari, Palazzi C E (2013) Evaluating design constraints for proximity-based games in a real urban topology, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Maggiorini, C. Quadri, L.A. Ripamonti, Opportunistic mobile games using public transportation systems: a deployability study. Multimedia Syst. J. 20(5), 545–562 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Milgram, H. Takemura, A. Utsumi, F. Kishino, Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum, in SPIE Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies (1994), pp. 282–292

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Montola, A ludological view on the pervasive mixed-reality game research paradigm. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 15(1), 3–12 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Nelson, M. Bakht, R. Kravets, Encounter-based routing in DTNs, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (2009), pp. 846–854

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Pentikousis, M. Palola, M. Jurvansuu, P. Perala, Active goodput measurements from a public 3G/UMTS network. IEEE Commun. Lett. 9(9), 802–804 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Pentland, R. Fletcher, A. Hasson, Daknet: rethinking connectivity in developing nations. Computer 37(1), 78–83 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.P. Perrucci, F.H.P. Fitzek, G. Sasso, W. Kellerer, J. Widmer, On the impact of 2G and 3G network usage for mobile phones’ battery life, in Proceedings of the European Wireless Conference (2009), pp. 255–259

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Pralhad, H. Xiaoxiao, D.R. Samir, Performance comparison of 3G and metro-scale WiFi for vehicular network access, in Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Internet Measurement (2010), pp. 301–307

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Qureshi, J. Carlisle, J. Guttag, Tavarua: video streaming with WWAN striping, in ACM Multimedia 2006 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Rhee, M. Shin, S. Hong, K. Lee, S. Chong, On the Levy walk nature of human mobility, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (2008), pp. 924–932

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Rhee, M. Shin, S. Hong, K. Lee, S.J. Kim, S. Chong, On the levy-walk nature of human mobility. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking 9(13), 630–643 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. Ristanovic, J.Y. Le Boudec, A. Chaintreau, V. Erramilli, Energy efficient offloading of 3G networks, in Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (2011), pp. 202–211

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Sandulescu, S. Nadjm-Tehrani, Opportunistic DTN routing with window-aware adaptive replication, in Proceedings of the 4th Asian Conference on Internet Engineering (2008), pp. 103–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Sede, L. Xu, L. Da, W. Min-You, L. Minglu, S. Wei, Routing in large-scale buses ad hoc networks, in Proceedings of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (2008), pp. 2711–2716

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Sharma, V. Navda, R. Ramjee, V.N. Padmanabhan, E.M. Belding, Cool-Tether: energy efficient on-the-fly wifi hot-spots using mobile phones, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (2009), pp. 109–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Sony. Playstation®Vita (2011), http://www.playstation.com/psvita/. Accessed 11 Nov 2014

  • Z. Xiaoying, L. Feng, Y. Jishen, Analysis of user-perceived web quality of service delay, in 3rd IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (2012), pp. 319–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Q. Yuan, I. Cardei, J. Wu, Predict and relay: an efficient routing in disruption-tolerant networks, in Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking and Computing (2009), pp. 95–104

    Google Scholar 

  • X. Zhang, J. Kurose, B.N. Levine, D. Towsley, H Zhang, Study of a bus-based disruption-tolerant network: mobility modeling and impact on routing, in Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (2007), pp. 195–206

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dario Maggiorini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Maggiorini, D., Ripamonti, L.A., Quadri, C. (2015). Opportunistic Networking for Games and Entertainment. In: Nakatsu, R., Rauterberg, M., Ciancarini, P. (eds) Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-52-8_22-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-52-8_22-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-4560-52-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics