Synonyms
Introduction
With the emergence of the Internet, we have witnessed a massive growth in (online) distance education since the 1990s. Distance education – often perceived as an isolated form of individual learning – has now clearly moved into the mainstream. Today, almost all educational institutions offer programs that integrate digital media in an online environment to provide flexible learning opportunities, independent of time and place. However, distance education is not a new phenomenon. Educational technologies have been used to bridge the distance between learners and teachers or teaching institutions for over 150 years. Hence, it is important to build upon theories, practice, and empirical research into distance education when new forms and modes of delivery are developed with new and emerging media.
Therefore, after a definition of distance education and related terms, this chapter sets out to provide an overview of the historical...
Keywords
- Educational Technology
- Learner Support
- Distance Education
- Mobile Learning
- Open Educational Resource
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Brindley, J. E., Wälti, C., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2004). The current context of learner support in open, distance and online learning. In J. E. Brindley, C. Wälti, & O. Zawacki-Richter (Eds.), Learner support in open, online and distance learning environments (pp. 9–27). Oldenburg: Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg.
Delling, R. M. (1971). Grundzüge einer Wissenschaft vom Fernstudium. Epistolodidaktika, 1, 14–28.
Garrison, G. R. (1985). Three generations of technological innovation in distance education. Distance Education, 6(2), 235–241.
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2–3), 87–105.
Holmberg, B. (1986). Growth and structure of distance education. Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Keegan, D. (1980). On defining distance education. Distance Education, 1(1), 13–36.
Moore, M. G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical principles of distance education (pp. 22–38). London: Routledge.
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (2005). Distance education: A systems view. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
Peters, O. (1983). Distance teaching and industrial production a comparative interpretation in outline. In D. Sewart, D. Keegan, & B. Holmberg (Eds.), Distance education: International perspectives (pp. 95–113). London/New York: Croom Helm Routledge.
Peters, O. (2008). The contribution of open and distance education to lifelong learning. In P. Jarvis (Ed.), The Routledge international handbook of lifelong learning (pp. 223–237). Milton Park: Routledge.
Simonson, M., Schlosser, C., & Orellana, A. (2011). Distance education research: A review of the literature. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 23, 124–142. doi.org/10.1007/s12528-011-9045-8.
Wedemeyer, C. A. (1971). Independent study. In L. C. Deighton (Ed.), The encyclopedia of education (Vol. 4, pp. 548–557). New York: Free Press.
Zawacki-Richter, O., & Anderson, T. (Eds.). (2014). Online distance education – Towards a research agenda. Athabasca: Athabasca University Press. Retrieved from http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/books/120233.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this entry
Cite this entry
Zawacki-Richter, O. (2015). Distance Education. In: Peters, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_217-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_217-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Online ISBN: 978-981-287-532-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences