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Ultrasonic Drug Delivery Using Micelles and Liposomes

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  • First Online:
Handbook of Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry

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Abstract

The encapsulation of drugs in nanocarriers revolutionized research in drug delivery, especially in cancer chemotherapeutics. Several nanosystems have been developed including liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and others.

The surface of nanocarriers can be modified to alter their characteristics and improve their efficiency as drug delivery systems. The addition of polyethylene glycol chains, for example, increases the blood circulation time of nanocapsules and, in some cases, improves their stability.

Once the structure of nanocarriers is optimized, the next logical step is to explore the feasibility of using one or several trigger mechanisms to release their therapeutic contents at the required time and space. Abundant literature is available on both internal and external trigger mechanisms in cancer drug delivery. Internal mechanisms include changes in pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature, while external mechanisms include light, magnetic/electromagnetic waves, and acoustic power.

This review focuses on the utility of ultrasound and polymeric micelles in cancer drug delivery. The idea is to control the release of chemotherapeutics from micelles to cancerous cells by focusing the ultrasound waves on the diseased tissue while sparing other healthy cells in the body. Thus, the side effects of conventional chemotherapy can be minimized.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Alternating current

CMC:

Critical micellar concentration

CW:

Continuous wave US

DDS:

Drug delivery system(s)

Dox:

Doxorubicin

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

FA:

Folic acid

FA-CLC/SPIO:

Mixed micelles of folic acid-conjugated carboxymethyl lauryl chitosan and superparamagnetic iron oxide

HEMA:

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule

IPN:

Interpenetrating network

LFA-1:

Leukocyte function-associated antigen

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

MI:

Mechanical index

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEG-b-PBLA:

Polyethylene glycol-co-poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate)

PEG-PCL:

Polyethylene glycol)-b-poly(caprolactone)

PEG-PE:

Polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine

PEG-PLLA:

Polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide)

PEO:

Poly(ethylene oxide)

PEO-b-PTHPMA:

Copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(2-tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate)

PFC5 :

Perfluoropentane

PLA:

Poly(lactic acid)

PLA-b-PEG:

Copolymer of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene) glycol

PPO:

Poly(propylene oxide)

PTHPMA:

Poly(2-tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate)

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

SLN:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

US:

Ultrasound

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE

    Ana M. Martins, Salma A. Elgaili, Rute F. Vitor & Ghaleb A. Husseini

Authors
  1. Ana M. Martins
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  2. Salma A. Elgaili
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  3. Rute F. Vitor
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  4. Ghaleb A. Husseini
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Correspondence to Ghaleb A. Husseini .

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Martins, A.M., Elgaili, S.A., Vitor, R.F., Husseini, G.A. (2016). Ultrasonic Drug Delivery Using Micelles and Liposomes. In: Handbook of Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-278-4_29

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