Skip to main content

Youth Participation in Singapore: The Limits of Approaches Created for Youth Rather Than by Youth

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Identities and Subjectivities

Part of the book series: Geographies of Children and Young People ((GCYP,volume 4))

Abstract

The article uses Singapore as a lens to explore some of the key issues relevant to scholarship on the geographies of young people and their participatory pathways. Despite a growing desire for greater participation in society, young Singaporeans continue to face challenges in the form of constricted socialities, spatialities, and temporalities that hinder their ability to achieve meaningful participation. The article is therefore framed by looking at young Singaporeans’ opportunities for and obstacles to participate in school, at home, and in public spaces as these space-times are integral to the development of a young person’s lifeworld. It also draws attention to the multiple actors that entrap young Singaporeans in power matrices which hinder their participatory trajectories. Moving forward, this article suggests that space and time is of the essence to mobilize young Singaporeans’ (and more broadly young people’s) participation. This will require a conscious and concerted effort on the part of different actors to return Singaporean youth the space and time to discover their participatory potential.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 289.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abu Baker, J. (2014). Seat hogging at Starbucks: Students are not the only ones, say café owners. The Straits Times, 29 Oct.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitken, S. C., Lund, R., & Kjorholt, A. T. (2007). Why children? Why now? Children’s Geographies, 5(1–2), 3–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andolina, M. W., Jenkins, K., Zukin, C., & Keeter, S. (2003). Habits from home, lessons from school: Influences on youth civic engagement. Political Science & Politics, 36(2), 275–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AsiaOne. (2012). Singapore to get two more new universities. AsiaOne, 26 Aug. http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120826-367687.html. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Benner, T. (2015). Singapore voters ask: How much change do we want? Aljazeera, 10 Sep. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/09/singapore-voters-change-150910070331535.html. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Channel NewsAsia. (2004). PM Lee urges Singapore’s youths to come forward to serve the nation. Channel NewsAsia, 22 Aug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Channel NewsAsia. (2012). Minister outlines MOE’s plans for holistic education. Channel NewsAsia, 8 Mar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Channel NewsAsia. (2014). Schools monitoring and coordinating homework load: Heng Swee Keat. Channel NewsAsia, 8 Oct.

    Google Scholar 

  • Channel NewsAsia. (2015). NUS, NTU rise to top 15 in QS world university rankings. Channel NewsAsia, 15 Sep. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/nus-ntu-rise-to-top-15-in/2124798.html. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Chen, Y. (2009). Students hog public places to study. The Straits Times, 12 Oct.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, P., James, A., & Jenks, C. (2000). Home and movement: Children constructing ‘family time’. In S. L. Holloway & G. Valentine (Eds.), Children’s geographies: Playing, living, learning (pp. 120–149). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua, B. H., & Tan, J. E. (1999). Singapore: Where the new middle class sets the standard. In M. Pinches (Ed.), Culture and privilege in capitalist Asia (pp. 137–158). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, B., & Kothari, U. (2001). The case for participation as tyranny. In B. Cooke & U. Kothari (Eds.), Participation: The new tyranny? (pp. 1–15). New York: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davie, S. (2014). Singapore takes third spot in global education rankings. The Straits Times, 8 May. http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/singapore-takes-third-spot-in-global-education-rankings. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Davie, S. (2015a). NUS is No.1 in Asia, and NTU moves up in Times world ranking. The Straits Times, 1 Oct. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2014/04/singapore-students-excel-in-thinking-flexibility.php. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Davie, S. (2015b). 7 in 10 parents send their children for tuition: ST poll. The Straits Times, 4 Jul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, C.L. (2014). Makeover for *Scape to attract more youth. The Straits Times, 2 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, C. B., & Gopinathan, S. (2008). The development of education in Singapore since 1965. In S. K. Lee, C. B. Goh, B. Fredriksen, & J. P. Tan (Eds.), Toward a better future: Education and training for economic development in Singapore since 1965 (pp. 12–38). Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goy, P. (2014). National Youth Council to become national body coordinating youth development. The Straits Times, 13 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heng, S. K. (2012). Keynote address by Mr Heng Swee Keat, Minister for Education, at the Ministry of Education Work Plan Seminar, on Wednesday, 12 September at 9.20 pm at Ngee Ann Polytechnic Convention Centre. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/speeches/2012/09/12/keynote-address-by-mr-heng-swee-keat-at-wps-2012.php. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Heng, L. (2013). Website a hit with kiasu parents. The New Paper, 28 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, S., & Mohan, G. (2004). Towards participation as transformation: Critical themes and challenges. In S. Hickey & G. Mohan (Eds.), Participation – From Tyranny to transformation? Exploring new approaches to participation in development (pp. 3–24). New York: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • HistorySG. (2014). Launch of Community Involvement Programme. http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/c78526c6-decf-4b79-b4ca-421739464884#2. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Ho, S. (2013). National Youth Council, Singapore infopedia, National Library Board. http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_419_2005-01-06.html. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Holloway, S. L. (2014). Changing children’s geographies. Children’s Geographies, 12(4), 377–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, J. (2006). Positioning the student political activism of Singapore: Articulation, contestation and omission. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 1(3), 403–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koh, J. (2013). Singapore childhood, our stories then and now. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kok, X. H. (2015). Are youth really not volunteering enough? The Straits Times, 25 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwan, J. Y. (2010). Review community scheme in schools. The Straits Times, 14 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwan-Terry, A. (1991). The economics of language in Singapore: Students’ use of extra-curricular language lessons. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 2(1), 69–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, T. (1996). Youth centre and park look set to draw the young. The Straits Times, 4 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H. L. (2004). National Day Rally 2004 Speech. Singapore: Singapore Government press release.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyl, S. (2011). Singapore election: Young voters could be the key. BBC, 6 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, H. (2015). S’pore startup digitises assessment books, students’ horror and parents’ delight. Vulcan Post, 29 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lien, L. (2010). CIP has shortfalls but it’s a vital gateway to volunteerism. The Straits Times, 16 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, B. C. (2013a). Speech at Twelfth Parliament, 13 Mar, Singapore Parliamentary Debates Official Report, 90. http://sprs.parl.gov.sg/search/report.jsp?currentPubID=00079143-WA. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Lim, L. (2013b). Meritocracy, elitism and egalitarianism: A preliminary and provisional assessment of Singapore’s primary education review. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 33(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, Y. H. (2013c). Give staff time off for volunteer work. The Straits Times, 9 Feb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, B. C. (2014). Speech at Twelfth Parliament, 13 Mar, Singapore Parliamentary Debates Official Report, 92. http://sprs.parl.gov.sg/search/report.jsp?currentPubID=00079143-WA. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Lin, T. (2010). NUS study: CIP useful but lacks true spirit. The Straits Times, 24 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loh, L. (2010). Kids on the block scope out *Scape on Orchard Road. CNN, 16 Feb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, R. (2007). At the interface of development studies and child research: Rethinking the participating child. Children’s Geographies, 5(1–2), 131–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. (2005). For space. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education. (2007). Report of the committee of National Education. Singapore: Ministry of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education. (2013). Parliamentary replies: Government expenditure on education. Ministry of Education, 21 Oct. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/parliamentary-replies/2013/10/government-expenditure-on-education.php. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Ministry of Education. (2014). Singapore students excel in thinking flexibly and creatively to solve complex and unfamiliar problems, says PISA study. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2014/04/singapore-students-excel-in-thinking-flexibility.php. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Ministry of Education. (2015). Compulsory education. Ministry of Education. http://www.moe.gov.sg/initiatives/compulsory-education/. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Mokhtar, F. (2011). MOE to focus on values, character education. Yahoo! Singapore. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/moe-to-focus-on-values--character-education.html. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Moorthy, P. K., & Choo, F. (2013). E-assessments catching on here. MyPaper, 10 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Youth Council. (2015). YOUTH.sg: The State of Youth in Singapore 2014. Singapore: National Youth Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, I. Y. H. (2012a). Youth participation in Singapore. In I. Y. H. Ng (Ed.), Youth scope: A Journal of Youth Research Studies in Singapore (pp. 18–23). Singapore: National Youth Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, J. (2012b). Play or cram? The Straits Times, 2 Sep.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, J. Y. (2012c). Teach less, learn more – Have we achieved it? Today, 24 Aug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, J. (2013). Cautious nod to enrichment classes. The Straits Times, 13 Aug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, J. Y. (2015). School content being cut to focus on critical learning: Heng Swee Keat. Channel NewsAsia, 22 Aug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, J. S., & Chai, H. Y. (2014). Studying at cafes could help certain students. say experts, The New Paper, 2 Nov.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, I. Y. H., Ho, K. W., & Ho, K. C. (2008). The role of families in shaping youth social participation: Evidence from Singapore, Economic Growth Centre Working Paper Series. http://egc.hss.ntu.edu.sg/research/workingpp/Documents/2008-01.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Pearson. (2014). The learning curve report: Education and skills for life. London: Pearson. http://thelearningcurve.pearson.com/reports/the-learning-curve-report-2014. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Percy-Smith, B. (2010). Councils, consultations and community: Rethinking the space for children and young people’s participation. Children’s Geographies, 8(2), 107–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philomin, L. (2014). More parents enrolling children in pre-school enrichment classes. TODAY, 29 Sep.

    Google Scholar 

  • REACH. (2015). GE2015 – 2.46 m voters and 245,500 first timers, 7 Sep. https://www.reach.gov.sg/participate/discussion-forum/2015/09/05/ge2015. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Sharma, Y. (2013). Asia’s parents suffering ‘education fever’. BBC, 22 Oct. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-24537487. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Singapore 2010 Bid Committee. (2007). Singapore 2010 candidature file. Singapore: Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T. (2007). Children, young people, UNICEF and participation. Children’s Geographies, 5(1–2), 165–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T. (2009). Children’s geographies/geographies of children: Play, work, mobilities and migration. Geography Compass, 3(4), 1430–1448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T. (2010). Taking young people as political actors seriously: Opening the borders of political geography. Area, 42(2), 145–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T. (2012). Geographies of children, young people and families in Asia. Children’s Geographies, 10(4), 473–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T. (2013). Young people, children, politics and space: A decade of youthful political geographical scholarship 2003–2013. Space and Polity, 17(1), 123–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T., & Hamed, N. A. (2011). Adult anxieties versus young people’s resistance: Negotiating access to public space in Singapore. In L. Holt (Ed.), Geographies of children, youth and families: An international perspective (pp. 203–220). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T., & Valentine, G. (1998). Cool places: Geographies of youth cultures. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tai, J. (2015). Singapore budget 2015: *SCAPE to be revamped to attract more youth. The Straits Times, 12 Mar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, P. (2009). 10-year series back – But do we still need them? The New Paper, 4 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, K. P. (2013). Our Singapore conversation: Telling national stories, global-is-asian, Issue #19, Oct 2013–Jan 2014. Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew School of Policy. https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/GIA-19-final.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Tan, T. (2014). $1 billion spent on tuition in one year. The Straits Times, 9 Nov.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, T. W., & Chew, L. C. (2004). Moral education and citizenship education as statecraft in Singapore curriculum critique. Journal of Moral Education, 33(4), 597–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarulevicz, N. (2010). Singaporean youths must have wings and yet know where their nest is. International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 6(2), 23–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tee, H. C. (2015). Taming the kiasu mother in me. The Straits Times, 7 Sep.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teng, A. (2014). Singapore ranks third globally in time spent on homework. The Straits Times, 25 Dec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teng, A., & Lee, P. (2014). Should gifted pupils in Singapore go for tuition? The Straits Times, 11 Nov.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teo, E. (2011). For skateboarders, by skateboarders. The Straits Times, 16 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Straits Times. (1990). Moral education to focus on ‘society before self’. The Straits Times, 25 Feb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toh, K., Chia, Y. M., & Lua, J.M. (2012). National Day Rally: Reactions. ‘Without extra lessons, our kids may lose out’. The Straits Times, 28 Aug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toms, S. (2015). ‘Back to school’ for parents in Singapore. BBC, 19 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2004). World youth report 2003: The global situation of young people. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, G., Skelton, T., & Chambers, D. (1998). Cool places: An introduction to youth and youth cultures. In T. Skelton & G. Valentine (Eds.), Cool places: Geographies of youth cultures (pp. 1–34). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weninger, C., & Kho, E. M. (2014). The (bio)politics of engagement: Shifts in Singapore’s policy and public discourse on civics education. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 35(4), 611–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wierenga, A., Wood, A., Trenbath, G., Kelly, J., & Vidakovic, O. (2003). Sharing a new story: Young people in decision-making. Melbourne: Australian Youth Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, D. (2012). Real reason behind Singapore’s obsession with tuition, Yahoo! Singapore, 13 June. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/blogs/singaporescene/things-consider-sending-child-tuition-classes-102823408.html. Accessed 1 Oct 2015.

  • Woo, Y. Y. J. (2008). Youth temporalities and the cost of Singapore’s educational success. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 29(2), 159–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worth, N. (2009). Understanding youth transition as ‘Becoming’: Identity, time and futurity. Geoforum, 40, 1050–1060.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C. (2015). Memorising exam answers won’t score you the As. The Straits Times, 25 Feb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yip, J., Eng, S. P., & Yap, J. (1997). 25 years of educational reform. In J. Tan, S. Gopinathan, & W. K. Ho (Eds.), Education in Singapore: A book of readings (pp. 3–32). Singapore: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yong, J. (2015). Parents rush to snap up new book with past PSLE papers. The New Paper, 18 Feb.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jared Wong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Wong, J. (2016). Youth Participation in Singapore: The Limits of Approaches Created for Youth Rather Than by Youth. In: Worth, N., Dwyer, C. (eds) Identities and Subjectivities. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-023-0_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics