Abstract
An ideal bone graft should provide osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteogenesis. The best bone graft incorporation occurs with autogenous bone grafts. The iliac crest, distal radius, greater trochanter, proximal tibia, fibula, and ribs can be used as natural bone graft sources. A possible alternative for harvesting huge volume of graft is bone marrow. The most common complication related to graft harvesting is donor site morbidity such as pain, infection, and fracture. The orthopaedic surgeon should be aware of not only the indications and techniques but also complications of each site.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Vaccaro AR. The role of the osteoconductive scaffold in synthetic bone graft. Orthopedics. 2002;25:571–8.
Younger EM, Chapman MW. Morbidity at bone graft donor sites. J Orthop Trauma. 1989;3:192–5.
Goulet JA, Senunas LE, DeSilva GL, et al. Autogenous iliac crest bone graft: complications and functional assessment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;339:76–81.
Radcliff K, Hwang R, Hilibrand A, et al. The effect of iliac crest autograft on the outcome of fusion in the setting of degenerative spondylolisthesis: a subgroup analysis of the spine patient outcomes research trial (SPORT). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:1685–92.
Bono CM, Lee CK. Critical analysis of trends in fusion for degenerative disc disease over the past 20 years: influence of technique on fusion rate and clinical outcome. Spine. 2004;29:455–63.
Dawson EG, Lotysch M, Urist MR. Intertransverse process lumbar arthrodesis with autogenous bone graft. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;154:90–6.
Bhatt RA, Rozental TD. Bone graft substitutes. Hand Clin. 2012;28(4):457e468.
Myeroff C, Archdeacon M. Autogenous bone graft: donor sites and techniques. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(23):2227–36.
Finkemeier CG. Bone-grafting and bone-graft substitutes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:454–64.
Ebraheim NA, Elgafy H, Xu R. Bone-graft harvesting from iliac and fibular donor sites: techniques and complications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9:210–8.
Wolfe SA, Kawamoto HK. Taking the iliac-bone graft. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60:411.
Jones AA, Dougherty PJ, Sharkey NA, et al. Iliac crest bone graft. Osteotome versus saw. Spine. 1993;18:2048–52.
Kurz LT, Garfin SR, Booth RE Jr. Harvesting autogenous iliac bone grafts. A review of complications and techniques. Spine. 1989;14:1324–31.
Benzel EC. Spine surgery 2-vol set: techniques, complication avoidance, and management (Expert Consult – Online). Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
Bruno RJ, Cohen MS, Berzins A, et al. Bone graft harvesting from the distal radius, olecranon, and iliac crest: a quantitative analysis. J Hand Surg Am. 2001;26(1):135–41.
Goyal T, Sankineani SR, Tripathy SK. Local distal radius bone graft versus iliac crest bone graft for scaphoid nonunion: a comparative study. Musculoskelet Surg. 2013;97(2):109–14.
Schuringa MC, Fechner MR. Cancellous bone grafting from the distal radius. Eur J Plast Surg. 2002;25:319–22.
Patel JC, Watson K, Joseph E, et al. Long-term complications of distal radius bone grafts. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28:784–8.
Saltrick KR, Caron M, Grossman J. Utilization of autogenous corticocancellous bone graft from the distal tibia for reconstructive surgery of the foot and ankle. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1996;35:406–12.
Biddulph SL. Bone donor site. Iliac crest or distal radius? J Hand Surg Br. 1999;24:645–6.
Mendicino RW, Leonheart E, Shromoff P. Techniques for harvesting autogenous bone graft of the lower extremity. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1996;35:428–35.
Hayes WR Jr, Smith RW. Trochanteric bone grafts in foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17:402–5.
Alt V, Nawab A, Seligson D. Bone grafting from the proximal tibia. J Trauma. 1999;47:555–7.
Ilankovan V, Stronczek M, Telfer M, et al. A prospective study of trephined bone grafts of the tibial shaft and iliac crest. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;36:434–9.
Herford AS, King BJ, Audia F, et al. Medial approach for tibial bone graft: anatomic study and clinical technique. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61:358–63.
Gause NL, Ivy A, Myeroff C (2010) Complications associated with proximal tibia bone graft compared to iliac crest bone graft. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons. 9–12 March 2010.
Whitehouse MR, Lankester BJ, Winson IG, et al. Bone graft harvest from the proximal tibia in foot and ankle arthrodesis surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27:913–6.
Vanryckeghem V, Vandeputte G, Heylen S, et al. Remodeling of the proximal tibia subsequent to bone graft harvest: postoperative CT study. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(7):795–800.
Gore DR. The arthrodesis rate in multilevel anterior cervical fusions using autogenous fibula. Spine. 2001;26:1259–63.
Kim CW, Abrams R, Lee G, et al. Use of vascularized fibular grafts as a salvage procedure for previously failed spinal arthrodesis. Spine. 2001;26:2171–5.
Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown C. Rockwood and greens fractures in adults. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006.
Loisel F, Pluvy I, Kielwasser H, et al. Technical note on the harvesting of rib osteochondral autografts for upper limb bone and joint repair surgery. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2018;37:337–41.
McCall TA, Brokaw DS, Jelen BA, et al. Treatment of large segmental bone defects with reamer-irrigator-aspirator bone graft: technique and case series. Orthop Clin North Am. 2010;41:63–73.
Belthur MV, Conway JD, Jindal G, et al. Bone graft harvest using a new intramedullary system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:2973–80.
Finnan RP, Prayson MJ, Goswami T, et al. Use of the reamer-irrigator-aspirator for bone graft harvest: a mechanical comparison of three starting points in cadaveric femurs. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24:36–41.
Quintero AJ, Tarkin IS, Pape HC. Technical tricks when using the reamer irrigator aspirator technique for autologous bone graft harvesting. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24:42–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Caliskan, E., Erol, B. (2023). Natural Sources of Bone Grafts. In: Banerjee, A., Biberthaler, P., Shanmugasundaram, S. (eds) Handbook of Orthopaedic Trauma Implantology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7540-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7540-0_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-7539-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-7540-0
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine