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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Biological Activity and Approaches of Large-Scale Production

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy

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Abstract

The discovery of extracellular vesicles has provided an outstanding breakthrough in stem cells and regenerative medicine. It has been shown that cells can transfer information through the secretion of soluble factors, the formation of direct physical contacts, and the secretion of extracellular vesicles containing a wide range of biologically active factors, including proteins, lipids, and genetic information. All these factors are protected from destruction by the extracellular vesicles’ bilayer lipid membrane, allowing the transfer of information from cell to cell over considerable distances. Extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells can reprogram a range of target cells, stimulating their viability and migration. The biological capacity and regenerative potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are comparable to that of the stem cells in vivo. Due to biosafety concerns over the use of cell-based therapies, the potential of a cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles, with equal efficacy to intact stem cells, is highly desirable for future therapeutic purposes. This chapter will discuss current research into the biological activity and therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells. With a focus on approaches for the large-scale production and isolation of extracellular vesicles will enable the transition of extracellular vesicle research into clinical application.

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Abbreviations

ADSC:

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

AMI:

Acute myocardial infarction

BM-MSC:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

CIMVs:

Cytochalasin B-induced microvesicles

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

DC:

Dendritic cells

dsDNA:

Double-stranded DNA

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

GvHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

ICG:

Indocyanine green

ISEV:

The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

miRNA:

MicroRNA

MISEV:

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

MVB:

Multivesicular body

MVs:

Microvesicles

PBMCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PHA:

Phytohemagglutinin

SC:

Stem cells

ssDNA:

Single-stranded DNA

TNTs:

Tunneling nanotubes

UACR:

Urinary albumin creatinine ratio

UC-MSC:

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

WJ-MSC:

Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells

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Acknowledgments

This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (PRIORITY-2030). This work was funded by RSF according to the research project â„–21-75-10035.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

    M. O. Gomzikova

  2. Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

    A. A. Rizvanov

  3. School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    V. James & A. A. Rizvanov

Authors
  1. M. O. Gomzikova
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  2. V. James
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  3. A. A. Rizvanov
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja H. Haider

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  1. Sulaiman AlRajhi Medical School, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

  2. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mustapha NAJIMI

  3. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Oh Young Bang

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Gomzikova, M.O., James, V., Rizvanov, A.A. (2022). Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6016-0_48-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6016-0_48-1

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