Abstract
Oxidative stresses that govern different cellular activities including activities of inflammatory processes play a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). PCa is predominantly a disease that afflicts elderly men since about 60% of prostate cancers are diagnosed in people who are over 65 years of age. [https://www.cancer.net/]
PCa has been categorized based on its cell of origin. In the prostatic ducts 95% of prostate cancers start off. While the remaining 5% include: small cell carcinoma, mucinous carcino acini, and other rare histopathologic types such as endometrioid cancer and squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, ROS level was found to link with the development of many types of PCa.
ROS-induced inflammatory cytokines augment a variety of redox signaling pathways to increase androgen receptor (AR) function. By contrast, Nrf2, a transcription factor, stimulates the expression of several antioxidant enzymes and inhibits the downstream effects of inflammatory transcription factors, for example, NF-κB, which has been substantiated by genome-wide search for Nrf2 target gene. Nrf2 overexpression has been observed to inhibit AR-induced increase in the transcription of CRPC cell lines. Additionally, two Nrf2 activating agents, sulforaphane (a phytochemical) and ardoxolone methyl, were shown to inhibit AR levels and excite castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells to antiandrogens. These inspections revealed the benefits of Nrf2 activators to inhibit the lethal signaling pathways, which bring about CRPC outgrowth.
Some ncRNAs control pre- and posttranscriptional gene functions and chromatin aggregation. They are implicated in carcinogenic processes such as augmenting tumor cell proliferation, promoting immortality, stimulating evasion of growth inhibitors, increasing angiogenesis, and thereby promoting invasion and metastasis. Targeting these ncRNAs could prove useful for therapy in prostate cancer.
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Alam, M.N., Chakraborti, T., Ghosh, P., Pramanik, P.K., Devgupta, P., Chakraborti, S. (2022). Some Aspects of Oxidative Stress–Induced Prostate Cancer Therapy. In: Chakraborti, S. (eds) Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1247-3_144-1
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