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Sub-Barrier Fusion Reactions

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Handbook of Nuclear Physics

Abstract

The concept of compound nucleus was proposed by Niels Bohr in 1936 to explain narrow resonances observed in scattering of a slow neutron off atomic nuclei. A compound nucleus is a metastable state with a long lifetime, in which all the degrees of freedom are in a sort of thermal equilibrium. Fusion reactions are defined as reactions to form such compound nucleus by merging two atomic nuclei. Here a short description of heavy-ion fusion reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier is presented. This includes (i) an overview of a fusion process, (ii) a strong interplay between nuclear structure and fusion, (iii) fusion and multidimensional/multiparticle quantum tunneling, and (iv) fusion for superheavy elements.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a classical penetrability, P(E) = θ(E − Vb), the energy derivative is given by a delta function, dP∕dE = δ(E − Vb).

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Acknowledgements

I thank L. Felipe Canto for his careful reading of the manuscript and useful suggestions. I also thank Tomoya Naito for his help in preparing Fig. 6. This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19K03861 and JP21H00120.

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  1. Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    K. Hagino

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  1. K. Hagino
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

    Isao Tanihata

  2. Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

    Hiroshi Toki

  3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

    Toshitaka Kajino

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  1. Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University - Commerce, Commerce, USA

    Carlos Bertulani

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Hagino, K. (2022). Sub-Barrier Fusion Reactions. In: Tanihata, I., Toki, H., Kajino, T. (eds) Handbook of Nuclear Physics . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8818-1_9-1

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