Abstract
Sesquiterpenes are secondary metabolites that have interesting health-promoting functions, including anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, gastro-protective, and anticancer properties. The potential of these compounds in human health will be further discussed throughout this chapter, being incorporated as part of a balanced diet and as pharmaceutical agents. Several foods consumed daily are a rich source of these compounds such as fruits, vegetables, algae, edible medicinal plants, and mushrooms. An overview of the bioactive constituents found in these aliments, metabolism routes and bioavailability, benefits for human health, safety upon ingestion, and market products will be described. Moreover, a deep understanding of the chemical constituents and biological activity observed will be detailed (structure-activity relationship studies). On the other hand, some of the peculiar aspects of these compounds (for instance, sesquiterpene lactones) is the bitterness that they confer to foods such as chicory, lettuce, or dandelion. This bitter taste is a direct consequence to their role as antifeedants, and this characteristic might help to ascertain the appropriate daily doses of sesquiterpenes. Little is known about the intake of sesquiterpenes in our diet. This chapter provides an understanding of the role of sesquiterpenes in health and human diet and the importance of increase their comsumption.
Abbreviations
- A-549:
-
Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- B16F10:
-
Murine melanoma cell line
- BEL-7402:
-
Human hepatoma cell line
- BGC-823:
-
Human gastric cancer cell line
- COX-1:
-
Cyclooxygenase-1
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- D-GaIN/LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine
- DMAPP:
-
Dimethylallyl diphosphate
- EGb:
-
Standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract
- FPP:
-
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
- FPS:
-
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
- GA3P:
-
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
- GABA:
-
γ-Aminobutyric acid
- GOT:
-
Glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase
- GPT:
-
Glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase
- H2O:
-
Dihydrogen oxide
- HCT-8:
-
Human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells
- HeLa:
-
Human cervical cancer cell line (Henrietta Lacks)
- HSV-1:
-
Herpes simplex virus type 1
- I.929:
-
Mouse fibroblast cell line
- IC50:
-
Half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ID50:
-
Half infectious doses
- iNOS:
-
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- IPP:
-
Isopentenyl diphosphate
- LD50:
-
Half lethal dose
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- MDM2:
-
Mouse double minute 2
- MEP:
-
Methylerythritol phosphate
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- MVA:
-
Mevalonic acid
- NF-kB:
-
Nuclear factor-kB
- NGS:
-
Next-generation sequencing
- NLT:
-
Not less than
- NMT:
-
Not more than
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NSAIDs:
-
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OVCAR-3:
-
Human ovarian carcinoma cell line
- PAs:
-
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
- PGE2:
-
Prostaglandin E2
- RAW:
-
Monocyte/macrophage-like cells, originating from Abelson leukemia virus transformed cell line derived from BALB/c (albino, laboratory-bred strain) mice
- RCR:
-
Respiratory control ratio
- RD:
-
Raynaud’s disease
- SERCA:
-
Sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum calcium
- SK-N-SH:
-
Neuroblastoma cell line
- SLs:
-
Sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TPA:
-
Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- TPS:
-
Terpene synthase
- USA:
-
United States of America
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet
- UVB:
-
Ultraviolet B radiation
- W:
-
Watts
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This research was supported by the “Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad” (MINECO), Spain, Project AGL2017-88-083-R.
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Durán, A.G., Rial, C., Gutiérrez, M.T., Molinillo, J.M.G., Macías, F.A. (2020). Sesquiterpenes in Fresh Food. In: Xiao, J., Sarker, S., Asakawa, Y. (eds) Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1745-3_47-1
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