Introduction
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely studied, with the generation of very many different types [1,2,3,4]. ILs can be synthesized from an enormous number of cation and anion options and more commonly contain an organic fragment as the cation with an inorganic component as the cation, though not exclusively. Carlin and Wilkes [5] firstly reported room temperature ILs (RTILs) based on 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts known as tetrachloroaluminates in 1982, which was considered as the first generation of ILs. However, the tetrachloroaluminate anion was sensitive to moisture. The second generation of ILs was generated by replacing the tetrachloroaluminates with the tetrafluoroborate anion, which was air- and moisture-stable. The wide choice of cations and anions has led to the development of ILs with properties designed for specific tasks and solvent properties. This has sometimes been referred to as ionic liquids having “tunable properties” or “task-specific ILs” (TSILs)....
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Dai, J., Patti, A.F., Saito, K. (2020). Depolymerization of Lignin by Catalytic Oxidation in Ionic Liquids. In: Zhang, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6739-6_78-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6739-6_78-1
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