Abstract
The Organization of American States comprises all 35 independent countries in the Western Hemisphere from Canada to Chile, including the independent islands of the Caribbean. The Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights are the two OAS organs created to deal with human rights in the region and in the discussion of international human rights law; the Commission is often overlooked in favor of an examination and analysis of the Inter-American Court’s jurisprudence. The Commission, however, has the overarching responsibility for the monitoring of human rights in the hemisphere and consequently has a wider mandate than the Court, the principal function of which is the application and interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights.
In discussing the work of the OAS as regards counter-terrorism, it is also important to look at the work of specific bodies created to deal specifically with the issue of counter-terrorism such as the Inter-American Committee against Terrorism, although this body has little contact with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The Commission, for its part, has a long history in conducting on-site visits to countries that were engaged in internal armed conflicts, often against military dictatorships, where terrorism was employed to undermine the State and where the State engaged in acts of counter-terrorism. This chapter will consider examples of the Commission’s on-site visits and country reports to illustrate the changing nature of terrorism and counter-terrorism in the region.
References
Cerna CM (2012) The role and legal framework of the Inter-American commission on human rights in securing justice for victims. In: Salinas de Frias AM, Samuel KLH, White ND (eds) Counter-terrorism framework, international law and practice. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 811–837
Council of Europe (2016) European Court of Human Rights, Research Report, References to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Inter-American instruments in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. Available at: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Research_report_inter_american_court_ENG.pdf
Ferrer Mac-Gregor E, González Domínguez P (2015) Death Penalty, Amnesty Laws, and Forced Disappearances: Three Main Topics of the Inter-American Corpus Juris in Criminal Law. Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjicl/vol5/iss1/4
FIDH (2015) Counter-terrorism versus Human rights: the key to compatibility. Available at https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/counterterrorism429a.pdf
FIDH (2017) The United Nations Counter-Terrorism Complex: bureaucracy, political influence, civil liberties. Available at https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/9.25_fidh_final_compressed.pdf
Garcia Ramirez S (2012) The Inter-American Court of Human Rights‘ Perspective on Terrorism. In: Salinas de Frias AM, Samuel KLH, White ND (eds) Counter-terrorism, international law and practice. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 785–810
Just Security, Ni Aolain F, Scheinin M (2018) Centralizing Human Rights in the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Available at https://www.justsecurity.org/53583/centralizing-human-rights-global-counter-terrorism-strategy/
Martin C (2012) The role of military courts in a counter terrorism framework: trends in international human rights jurisprudence and practice. In: Salinas de Frias AM, Samuel KLH, White ND (eds) Counter-terrorism framework, international law and practice. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 689–723
New York Times, Declaration of Santiago, August 19, 1959. Available at:https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/08/19/issue.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=ArticleEndCTA®ion=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article
OAS (1947) Treaty of Inter-American Reciprocal Assistance. Available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/b-29.html. Signatories and Ratifications of the TIAR. Available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/b-29.html
OAS (1948) Charter. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/sla/dil/inter_american_treaties_A-41_charter_OAS.asp
OAS (1969) American Convention on Human Rights “Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica.” Available at: http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_B-32_American_Convention_on_Human_Rights.htm. Signatories and Ratifications of the Pact of San Jose. Available at: http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_B-32_American_Convention_on_Human_Rights_sign.htm
OAS (1999) General Assembly Resolution 1650 AG/RES. 1650 (XXIX-O/99). Hemispheric Cooperation to Prevent, Combat and Eliminate Terrorism. Available at: http://www.oas.org/consejo/GENERAL%20ASSEMBLY/Resoluciones-Declaraciones.asp
OAS (2001a) 23rd Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, RC.23/RES.1/01, Resolution, Strengthening Cooperation to Prevent, Combat, and Eliminate Terrorism. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/sms/cicte/Documents/doc_rc_23_res_1_01_eng.pdf
OAS (2001b) 24th meeting of consultation of ministers of foreign affairs, RC.24/RES.1/01, resolution, terrorist threat to the Americas. Available at: http://www.oas.org/oaspage/crisis/rc.24e.htm
OAS (2002) Inter-American Convention against Terrorism, 42 ILM 19–25 Available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/a-66.html. Signatories and Ratifications of the Inter-American Convention against Terrorism. Available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-66.html
OAS (2014) Basic documents pertaining to human rights in the Inter-American System. Available at: http://www.cidh.oas.org
OAS, I/A Court H.R. (1989) Interpretation of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man within the Framework of Article 64 of the American Convention on Human Rights. Advisory Opinion OC-10/89. Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/seriea_10_ing1.pdf
OAS, I/A Court H.R. (1995) Case of Caballero Delgado y Santana Vs. Colombia, Merits. Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_22_esp.pdf
OAS, I/A Court H.R. (1997) Case of Loayza Tamayo v. Peru, Merits. Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_33_ing.pdf
OAS, I/A Court H.R. (1999) Case of Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_52_ing.pdf
OAS, I/A Court H.R. (2001) Case of Barrios Altos v. Peru. Merits. Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_75_ing.pdf
OAS, I/A Court H.R. (2004) Case of Lori Berenson-Mejía v. Perú. Merits. Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_119_ing.pd
OAS, IACHR (1980) Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Argentina. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Argentina80eng/toc.htm
OAS, IACHR (1992) Report N° 28/92, Cases 10.147, 10.181, 10.240, 10.262, 10.309 and 10.311 (Argentina). Available at: http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/92eng/Argentina10.147.htm, and Report N° 29/92, Cases 10.029, 10.036, 10.145, 10.305, 10.372, 10.373, 10.374 and 10.375 (Uruguay). Available at: http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/92eng/Uruguay10.029.htm
OAS, IACHR (2000) Report on the situation of Human Rights in Peru. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Peru2000en/TOC.htm
OAS, IACHR (2001) Resolution, Terrorism and Human Rights, Annex I to Report on Terrorism and Human Rights. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/Terrorism/Eng/part.t.htm
OAS, IACHR (2002a) Report on Terrorism and Human Rights Available at: http://www.cidh.org/Terrorism/Eng/toc.htm
OAS, IACHR (2002b) Precautionary measures granted to Guantánamo detainees, 41 ILM 532. Also available at: http://www.cidh.org/medidas/2002.eng.htm
OAS, IACHR (2002c) Response of the US to Request for precautionary measures- detainees in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, 41 ILM 1015
OAS, IACHR (2003) Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Venezuela. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Venezuela2003eng/toc.htm
OAS, IACHR (2006) PM8/06 Precautionary Measures, Khadr. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/medidas/2006.eng.htm
OAS, IACHR (2008) PM 211/08 Precautionary Measures, Ameziane. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/medidas/2008.eng.htm
OAS, IACHR (2009) Democracy and Human Rights in Venezuela. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Venezuela2009eng/VE09.TOC.eng.htm
OAS, IACHR (2012) Report No. 17/12, Petition P 900/08, Admissibility, Djamel Ameziane (United States), March 20, 2012. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/admissibilities.asp
OAS, IACHR (2015a) Towards the closure of guantanamo. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Towards-Closure-Guantanamo.pdf
OAS, IACHR (2015b) PM 46/15 Precautionary Measures, al-Alwi. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/precautionary.asp
OAS, IACHR (2017) Democratic Institutions, the Rule of Law and Human Rights in Venezuela. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Venezuela2018-en.pdf
Office of Foreign Assets Control, Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, July 10, 2018. Available at: https://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/sdnlist.pdf
Presidential (Obama) Executive Order 13692 of March 8, 2015, Blocking Property and Suspending Entry of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Venezuela. Available at: https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/13692.pdf
Presidential (Trump) Executive order on imposing sanctions with respect to the situation in Venezuela, August 25, 2017. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-executive-order-imposing-sanctions-respect-situation-venezuela/
Reato C (2012) Disposición Final, La confesión de Videla sobre los desaparecidos, Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Salinas de Frias AM, Samuel KLH, White ND (eds) (2012) Counter-Terrorism, International Law and Practice. Oxford University Press, New York
UN (2001) Security council resolution 1373. Available at https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/2001.shtml
UN (2003) Security Council Resolution 1456, On the issue of combatting terrorism. Available at: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/216/05/PDF/N0321605.pdf?OpenElement
UN (2008) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism, Factsheet No. 32. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Factsheet32EN.pdf
UN (2017) General assembly: capability of the United Nations system to assist Member States in implementing the United Nations Global Counter Terrorism Strategy, Report of the Secretary-General. Available at: http://undocs.org/A/71/858
UN (2018) General assembly: activities of the United Nations system in implementing the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Report of the Secretary-General. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/72/840
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Cerna, C.M. (2019). Counter-Terrorism Resolutions and Initiatives by Regional Institutions. In: Shor, E., Hoadley, S. (eds) International Human Rights and Counter-Terrorism. International Human Rights. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3894-5_7-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3894-5_7-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3894-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3894-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Law and CriminologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences