Synonyms
Introduction
Agriculture, like many human enterprises, is a product of many varying overlapping knowledge practices: intensive and perceptive firsthand observations; personal experiences and communal memory; reliance on trusted interpersonal and institutional testimony, given keen discriminating assessment of credibility; and skill knowledge and tacit knowledge of all sorts alongside leading-edge science and engineering in botany and zoology, biochemistry, genetics, nutrition, land management, ecology, and oceanic and atmospheric sciences.
Agriculture, like many human enterprises, is a product of both considerable self-reliance and intellectual interdependence. This rich, complicated balance of epistemic autonomy and dependency in practice raises epistemic and ethical issues concerning the nature of agricultural expertise and, specifically, implications for how claims and renunciations of expert...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Archard, D. (2011). Why moral philosophers are not and should not be moral experts. Bioethics, 25(3), 119.
Baars, T. (2011). Experiential science; towards an integration of implicit and reflected practitioner-expert knowledge in the scientific development of organic farming. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 24, 601.
Baier, A. (1986). Trust and anti-trust. Ethics, 96(2), 231.
Berry, W. (1977). The unsettling of America. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.
Berry, W. (2002). The prejudice against country people. The Progressive, 66, 22–24.
Borenstein, J. (2002). Authenticating expertise: Philosophical and legal issues. International Journal of Applied Philosophy, 16(1), 85.
Brewer, S. (2006). In E. Selinger & R. P. Crease (Eds.), Scientific expert testimony and intellectual due process (pp. 111–158). New York: Columbia University Press.
Carolan, M. (2006a). Social change and the adaptation of knowledge claims: Whose truth do you trust in regard to sustainable agriculture? Agriculture and Human Values, 23(3), 325.
Carolan, M. (2006b). Sustainable agriculture, science and the co-production of ‘expert’ knowledge: The value of interactional expertise. Local Environment, 11(4), 421.
Carr, W., & Kafalas, M. J. (2009). Hollowing out the middle: The rural brain drain and what it means for America. Boston: Beacon Press.
Chambers, R., Pacey, A., & Thrupp, L. A. (1983). Farmer first. London: Intermediary Technology.
Coady, D. (2012). What to believe now. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Code, L. (1991). What can she know? Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Collins, H. M. (2004). Interactional expertise as a third kind of knowledge. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 3, 125.
Collins, H., & Evans, R. (2002). The third wave of science studies: Studies in expertise and experience. Social Studies of Science, 32, 235–296 (Reprinted in Selinger & Crease 2006).
Collins, H. M., & Evans, R. (2007). Rethinking expertise. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Collins, H. M., & Pinch, T. (1993). The golem. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Collins, H. M., & Pinch, T. (1998). The golem at large. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Collins, H. M., & Weinel, M. (2011). Transmuted expertise: How technical non-experts can assess experts and non-experts. Argumentation, 25(3), 401.
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993). 509 U.S. 579.
Douglas, H. (2003). The moral responsibilities of scientists. American Philosophical Quarterly, 40(1), 59.
Driver, J. (2004). Autonomy and the asymmetry problem for moral expertise. Philosophical Studies, 128(3), 619–644.
Elga, A. (2007). Reflection and disagreement. Noûs, 41(3), 478.
Elliott, K. (2011). Is a little pollution good for you? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Feldman, S., & Welsh, R. (1995). Feminist knowledge claims, local knowledge, and gender divisions of labor. Rural Sociology, 60(1), 23–43.
Feyerabend, P. K. (1999). Experts in a free society. In Knowledge, science, and relativism: 1960–1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fischer, F. (1990). Technocracy and the politics of expertise. Newbury Park: Sage.
Fischer, F. (2000). Citizens, experts, and the environment. Durham: Duke University Press.
Fricker, M. (1998). Rational authority and social power: Towards a truly social epistemology. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 98(2), 159–177.
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Frye vs. United States. (1923). 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir).
Fuller, S. (1994). The constitutively social character of expertise. International Journal of Expert Systems Research and Applications, 7(1), 51–64 (Reprinted in Selinger & Crease 2006).
General Electric Company v. Joiner. (1997). 522 U.S. 136.
Goldman, A. (2001). Experts: Which ones should you trust? Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 63, 85.
Goldman, A. (2002). Pathways to knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goodwin, J. (2011). Accounting for the appeal to the authority of experts. Argumentation, 25, 285.
Haack, S. (2005). Trial and error: The Supreme Court’s philosophy of science. American Journal of Public Health, 95(S1), S66.
Hardwig, J. (1985). Epistemic dependence. Journal of Philosophy, 82(7), 335.
Hardwig, J. (1994). Toward an ethics of expertise. In D. Wueste (Ed.), Professional ethics and social responsibility. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Heldke, L. (2006). Farming made her stupid. Hypatia, 21(3), 151.
Ingram, J. (2008). Agronomist-farmer knowledge encounters. Agriculture and Human Values, 25(3), 405.
Jasanoff, S. (1992). Science, politics, and the renegotiation of expertise at EPA. Osiris, 7, 195.
Jasanoff, S. (2003). Breaking the waves in science studies. Social Studies of Science, 33(3), 389.
Jasanoff, S. (2006). Biotechnology and empire. Osiris, 21, 273.
Jewitt, S. (2000). Unequal knowledges in Jharkhand, India: De-romanticizing women’s agroecological expertise. Development and Change, 31(5), 961.
Jones, K. (2002). The politics of credibility. In L. Antony & C. Witt (Eds.), A mind of one’s own. Boulder: Westview.
Jordan, C., Gust, S., & Scheman, N. (2005). The trustworthiness of research: The paradigm of community-based research. Journal of Metropolitan Universities, 16(1), 39.
Kitcher, P. (2003). Science, truth, and democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kumho Tire Co. V. Carmichael. (1999). (97–1709) 526 U.S. 137.
Lacey, H. (2004). Is science value-free? Values and scientific understanding. New York: Routledge.
Lacey, H. (2005). Values and objectivity in science: The current controversy about transgenic crops. Oxford: Lexington Books.
Light, A. (2006). Ecological citizenship. In R. Platt (Ed.), The human metropolis. Boston: University of Massachusetts Press.
Pellegrini, P. (2009). Knowledge, identity, and ideology in stances on GMOs. Science Studies, 22(1), 44.
Sassower, R. (1988). The myth of expertise. Social Concept, 4, 58.
Sassower, R. (1993). Knowledge without expertise. New York: SUNY Press.
Selinger, E. (2003). Feyerabend’s democratic critique of expertise. Critical Review, 15(3–4), 359.
Selinger, E., & Crease, R. (Eds.). (2006). The philosophy of expertise. New York: Columbia University Press.
Selinger, E., & Mix, J. (2004). On Interactional expertise: Pragmatic and ontological considerations. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 3(2), 145–163.
Shiva, V. (1999). Biopiracy: The plunder of nature and knowledge. Cambridge: South End Books.
Shiva, V. (2000). Stolen harvest: The hijacking of the global food supply. Cambridge: South End Books.
Shrader-Frechette, K. (2011). What will work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Singer, P. (1972). Moral experts. Analysis, 32, 115–117.
Solomon, S. (2009). Stakeholders or experts? On the ambiguous implications of public participation in science. In J. Van Bouwel (Ed.), The social sciences and democracy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Thompson, P. (2001). The reshaping of conventional farming: A North American perspective. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 14(2), 217.
Thompson, P. (2010). The agrarian vision. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Walton, D. (1997). Appeal to expert opinion. State College: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Weatherson, B. (2007). Disagreeing about disagreement. Available online: http://brian.weatherson.org/DaD.pdf
Whitbeck, C. (1995). Trust and trustworthiness in research. Science and Engineering Ethics, 1(4), 403.
Whyte, K., & Crease, R. (2010). Trust, expertise, and the philosophy of science. Synthese, 177, 411.
Wohlforth, C. (2005). The whale and the supercomputer. New York: North Point Press.
Wynne, B. (1989). Sheep-farming after Chernobyl. Environment, 31, 10.
Wynne, B. (2003). Seasick on the third wave? Subverting the hegemony of propositionalism: Response to Collins and Evans. Social Studies of Science, 33(3), 401.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature B.V.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Almassi, B. (2019). Expertise in Agriculture: Scientific and Ethical Issues. In: Kaplan, D.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_278
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_278
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1178-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1179-9
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities