Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization that flourished along the river Indus in north-western India (3000 B.C.E. and 1500 B.C.E.) was the largest and the most advanced in the ancient world, with a high level of technological sophistication. The archaeological remains of this civilization are found in Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan in Pakistan, in the states of Haryana and Gujarat in India, and in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Iran. Since the first city that was excavated was Harappa (Hariyupa), now in Pakistan, the civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were the two important sites that were excavated in early twentieth centuries. However important breakthroughs have been made, and numerous Indus Valley cities have been discovered and excavated in India, around the river Indus and the lost river Sarasvati. Some of the important ones include Lothal, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, Banawali, Chahnudaro, Surkotada, Bhiranna, Kunal, Banawali, and...