Synonyms
Allelopathic algae; Harmful algal blooms (HABs); High-biomass blooms; “Red tides”
Definition
Toxic blooms are the accumulation of toxin-producing cells that lead to aquatic living resource mortalities or illness or deaths in avian or terrestrial mammals, including humans.
Mortalities from blooms can also occur through indirect effects of the accumulation of high biomass typical of blooms and the subsequent respiration or death and decomposition that consumes the available oxygen, leading to suffocation and dying and dead fauna.
Introduction
Toxin-producing taxa and syndromes
Toxic blooms are generally accumulations of phytoplankton (microscopic single-cell free-floating plants) and occasionally mixotrophic or heterotrophic dinoflagellates, benthic dinoflagellates, or macroalgae. Some of the cells accumulating produce complex intracellular compounds that are toxic to various freshwater and marine fauna as well as higher organisms that include birds and mammals. The suite of...
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Sellner, K.G. (2016). Toxic Blooms. In: Kennish, M.J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_86
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