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Climate Change

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Estuaries

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

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Synonyms

Climate variability

Definitions

Climate change (including climate variability) refers to regional or global changes in mean climate state or in patterns of climate variability over decades to millions of years often identified using statistical methods and sometimes referred to as changes in long-term weather conditions (IPCC, 2012). Climate is influenced by changes in continent-ocean configurations due to plate tectonic processes, variations in Earth’s orbit, axial tilt and precession, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, solar variability, volcanism, internal variability resulting from interactions between the atmosphere, oceans and ice (glaciers, small ice caps, ice sheets, and sea ice), and anthropogenic activities such as greenhouse gas emissions and land use and their effects on carbon cycling.

Introduction

Earth’s climate has varied over all timescales due to changes in global energy balance and radiative forcing caused by changes in solar radiation reaching...

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  1. US Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA, 20191, USA

    Thomas M. Cronin

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  1. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Michael J. Kennish

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Cronin, T.M. (2016). Climate Change. In: Kennish, M.J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_37

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