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Testing Pharmacological Profiles with Biomarkers Relevant to Cardiovascular Profiles

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Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and in Europe. Early identification of biomarkers linked to cardiovascular disease can be effective in identifying high-risk patients to early treat them in order to reduce cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this chapter is to examine biomarkers relevant to cardiovascular diseases in order to identify targets where pharmacological treatment can act. In this chapter, we will examine the main markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial damage, and metabolism linked to cardiovascular diseases.

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Abbreviations

ADN:

Adiponectin

Apo A-I:

Apolipoprotein A-I

Apo B:

Apolipoprotein B

C-IMT:

Carotid intima-media thickness

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

FPI:

Fasting plasma insulin

Hs-CRP:

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

Lp(a):

Lipoprotein(a)

MMP-2:

Metalloproteinase-2

MMP-9:

Metalloproteinase-9

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

PON-1:

Paraoxonase-1

PPG:

Postprandial glucose

RBP-4:

Retinol binding protein-4

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

sE-selectin:

Soluble E-selectin

sICAM:

Serum intracellular adhesion molecule-1

sVCAM:

Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2 – 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Giuseppe Derosa & Pamela Maffioli

  2. Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, P.le C. Golgi, 2 – 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Giuseppe Derosa

  3. PhD School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Pamela Maffioli

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  1. Giuseppe Derosa
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  2. Pamela Maffioli
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Derosa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & Technology , University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Derosa, G., Maffioli, P. (2016). Testing Pharmacological Profiles with Biomarkers Relevant to Cardiovascular Profiles. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7678-4_27

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