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Tephrochronology

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods

Synonyms

Chronostratigraphy; Stratigraphic correlation using tephra; Tephrostratigraphy

Definitions

Tephra. All the explosively erupted, unconsolidated pyroclastic products of a volcanic eruption.

Cryptotephra. Tephra-derived glass-shard and/or crystal concentration preserved in sediments or soils/paleosols but not visible as a layer to the naked eye.

Tephrostratigraphy. Study of sequences of tephra layers or cryptotephras (and associated deposits) and their lithologies, spatial distribution, stratigraphic relationships, and relative and numerical ages. Involves defining, describing, characterizing, and dating tephra layers or cryptotephra deposits in the field and laboratory as a basis for their correlation.

Tephrochronometry. Obtaining a numerical age or calendrical date for a tephra or cryptotephra deposit.

Tephrochronology sensu stricto.The use of primary tephra layers or cryptotephras as isochrons to connect and synchronize depositional sequences, or soils, and to transfer...

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Acknowledgments

We thank editors Jeroen Thompson and Jack Rink for inviting us to write this entry and for their suggestions, reviewer Vera Ponomareva for her helpful comments, Megan Balks and Adam Brumm for providing photographs, and Chris Hayward and John Westgate for furnishing preprints. Elsevier kindly allowed us to use previously published material (Figs. 7 and 8). The entry was funded in part by the New Zealand Marsden Fund (project 10-UOW-056 to DJL entitled “New views from old soils”), administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand, and it is an output also of the INTREPID Tephra-II project (INQUA project 1307s) “Enhancing tephrochronology as a global research tool through improved fingerprinting and correlation techniques and uncertainty modeling (phase II),” an initiative of the International Focus Group on Tephrochronology and Volcanism (INTAV) supported by the Stratigraphy and Chronology Commission of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA).

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  1. School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of Waikato, Hillcrest Rd, Private Bag 3105, 3240, Hamilton, New Zealand

    David J. Lowe

  2. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, 600, 6140, Wellington, New Zealand

    Brent Alloway

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  1. School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    W. Jack Rink

  2. Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Jeroen Thompson

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Lowe, D.J., Alloway, B. (2014). Tephrochronology. In: Rink, W., Thompson, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_19-2

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