Synonyms
Introduction
Slavery as a legal status recognized under national laws was abolished almost everywhere in the world in the course of the nineteenth century. However, forms of forced labor have continued all over the world – to a greater or lesser extent in different countries and with varying degrees of toleration by government.
Miers (2003) provides a thorough overview of the persistence of forms of slavery and forced labor during the twentieth century. More recent discussions of modern slavery are provided by Kara (2017) and Kotiswaran (2017).
Forced labor describes a situation in which a worker performs work or services involuntarily and under a threat of some form of penalty. There is considerable potential for goods produced by forced labor to end up being sold in developed countries such as Europe or North America:
Complex supply chains with multiple tiers stretching across continents...
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Stein, M. (2018). Modern Slavery in Agriculture. In: Kaplan, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_627-1
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