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Polymer Blends Containing “Nanoparticles”

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Polymer Blends Handbook

Abstract

This chapter discusses the role of various nanoparticles in immiscible polymer blends for control of the size of the dispersed polymer phase particles, phase inversion and rheological behavior, impact strength, and mechanical performance. Various issues such as the effect of nanoparticle dimensions on the polymer particle size and properties, blending sequence, location of nanoparticles in the blend components, mechanism behind improvement in properties, individual effect of various fillers on the blend properties, and future trends are also discussed in detail. Since the literature on polymer nanocomposites is vast and the utilization of nanoparticles in blends has significantly increased in recent years, this chapter is designed to review the current state of knowledge in this area. To do so, various examples of polymer blends and nanofillers relevant to the abovementioned factors are discussed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. C0400, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA

    D. R. Paul & R. R. Tiwari

Authors
  1. D. R. Paul
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  2. R. R. Tiwari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. R. Paul .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Québec, Canada

    Leszek A. Utracki

  2. Department of Chemistry and Fire Retardant Research Facility, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Charles A. Wilkie

Nomenclature

ABS

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene

AFM

Atomic force microscopy

a-PA

Amorphous polyamide

CaCO3

Calcium carbonate

CNT

Carbon nanotube

CTE

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion

D-B

Ductile–brittle

EA

Ethylene–acrylate copolymer

E-MA-GMA

Ethylene–methyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

EOR

Ethylene–octene rubber

EOR-g-MA

Ethylene–octene rubber grafted maleic anhydride

EPDM

Ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer

EPDM-g-MA

Ethylene–propylene–diene grafted maleic anhydride

EPR

Ethylene–propylene rubber

EPR-g-MA

Ethylene–propylene rubber grafted maleic anhydride

EVA

Ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer

FD

Flow direction

HDPE

High-density polyethylene

H-PP

High molecular weight polypropylene

LCP

Liquid crystalline polymer

LDPE

Low-density polyethylene

LLDPE

Linear low-density polyethylene

L-PP

Low molecular weight polypropylene

MA

Maleic anhydride

MFI

Melt flow index

MMT

Montmorillonite

M-PP

Medium molecular weight polypropylene

MWCNT

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

MWD

Molecular weight distribution

ND

Normal direction

OMMT

Organically modified montmorillonite

PA

Polyamide

PA 6

Polyamide 6

PA 66

Polyamide 66

PBT

Polybutylene terephthalate

PC

Polycarbonate

PCL

Poly (ε-caprolactone)

PDMS

Polydimethylsiloxane

PE

Polyethylene

PE-GMA

Ethylene–glycidyl methacrylate

PET

Poly (ethylene terephthalate)

PIB

Polyisobutylene

PLA

Polylactide

PLLA

Poly (l-lactide)

PP

Polypropylene

PPC

Poly (propylene carbonate)

PP-g-MA

Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride

pph

Parts per hundred

PPO

Polyphenylene oxide

PPS

Poly (p-phenylene sulfide)

PS

Polystyrene

PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride

SAN

Poly (styrene acrylonitrile)

SBS

Styrene–butadiene–styrene

SEBS

Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene

SEBS-g-MA

SEBS grafted maleic anhydride

SEM

Scanning electron microscope

SEP

Styrene–ethylene–propylene

SiO2

Silica

SIS

Styrene–isoprene–styrene

TD

Transverse direction

TEM

Transmission electron microscope

TiO2

Titanium dioxide

TPO

Thermoplastic olefin

VA

Vinyl acetate

VP 701

Vulcanized butadiene–styrene rubber

a

Yasuda parameter

\( {\overline{\boldsymbol{d}}}_{\boldsymbol{w}} \)

Weight average particle size

G′, G″, G*

Storage, loss and complex shear modulus, respectively

h

Hour

m

Meter

min

Minute

N

Newton

n

Power law index

nm

Nanometer

p

Viscosity ratio of dispersed to continuous phase

R

Volume average dispersed particle radius

T g

Glass transition temperature

T m

Melting temperature

wt%

Weight percent

γ

Interfacial tension

η

Shear viscosity

η 0

Zero shear viscosity

η 1, η 2

Viscosity of phase 1 and 2 respectively

η d , η m

Viscosity of dispersed and matrix phase respectively

λ

Time constant

μm

Micrometer

σ 0

Melt yield stress

τ

Relaxation time

ϕ

Volume fraction

χ c

Percent crystallinity

ω

Frequency

ω a

Wetting coefficient

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Paul, D.R., Tiwari, R.R. (2014). Polymer Blends Containing “Nanoparticles”. In: Utracki, L., Wilkie, C. (eds) Polymer Blends Handbook. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6064-6_20

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