Abstract
The Kakagon/Bad River Sloughs, Honest John Lake wetland complex, is a 6,475 ha mosaic of coastal wetland and open water habitats of Lake Superior and is the homeland of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians. The complex is a dynamic system influenced by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities, including those occurring within the Bad River Watershed and Lake Superior. The Kakagon Sloughs support a myriad of wetland types, and both the estuarial characteristics of the Sloughs and influence of fluctuating water levels on Lake Superior contribute to the wetland’s productivity. Hydrology is a strong driver of the health of this ecosystem, and wild rice Zizania palustris serves as a key species indicating the health of the Kakagon Sloughs complex. The Bad River Band adaptively manages the Kakagon Sloughs complex by implementing an integrated, multifaceted approach, including controlling invasive species, improving habitat, and collaborating in watershed management efforts.
Jim Meeker: deceased.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Bad River Band of Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa. Integrated resource management plan. Odanah: Bad River Natural Resources Department; 2001.
Clayton L. Pleistocene geology of the Superior region, Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey information circular, vol. 46. Madison: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey; 1984.
Epstein EJ, Judziewicz EJ, Smith WA. Wisconsin’s Lake Superior coastal wetlands evaluation including other selected natural features of the Lake Superior basin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources; 1997. PUB ER-095 99.
Fitzpatrick F, Cahow-Scholtes K, Peppler, M. Geomorphic context for sediment sources, movement, and deposition in the Bad River, Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin. Middleton, WI: United States Geologic Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center; 2006.
Garrison PJ. Paleoecological study of Honest John Lake, Ashland County. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Science Services; 2011a. PUB SS-1085 2011.
Garrison PJ. Paleoecological study of Bear Trap Slough, Ashland County. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Science Services; 2011b. PUB SS-1087 2011.
Gronewold AD, Clites AH, Smith JP, Hunter TS. A dynamic graphical interface for visualizing projected, measured, and reconstructed surface water elevations on the earth’s largest lakes. Environ Model Software. 2013;49:34–9. Available from: http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2013/20130022.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2013.
Meeker JE. The ecology of “wild” wild-rice (Zizania palustris var. palustris) in the Kakagon Sloughs, a riverine wetland on Lake Superior [dissertation]. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Botany Department; 1993. 365 p.
Meeker JE. Wild-rice and sedimentation processes in a Lake Superior coastal wetland. Wetlands. 1996;16(2):219–31.
Meeker JE. Repeat sampling of Typha species in the Kakagon Sloughs and Bad River systems. Unpublished Report to Bad River Band; 2005.
Meeker JE, Fewless G. Change in Wisconsin’s coastal wetlands. In: Waller DM, Rooney TP, editors. The vanishing present: Wisconsin’s changing lands, waters, and wildlife. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press; 2008. p. 183–92.
Quinlan HR, Pratt TC, Friday MJ, Schram ST, Seider MJ, Mattes WP. Inshore fish community: lake sturgeon. In: Gorman OT, Ebener MP, Vinson MR, editors. The state of Lake Superior in 2005, Great Lakes Fishery Commission special publication 10-1. Ann Arbor: Great Lakes Fishery Commission; 2010.
Robertson DM. Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes Michigan and Superior – high flow and long-term average. J Great Lakes Res. 1997;23(4):416–39.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Red clay project final report part II: impact on nonpoint pollution control on western Lake Superior. 1980. EPA 905/9-79-002-B.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Meeker, J., Tillison, N. (2018). Kakagon (Bad River Sloughs), Wisconsin (USA). In: Finlayson, C., Milton, G., Prentice, R., Davidson, N. (eds) The Wetland Book. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_229
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_229
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4000-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4001-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences