Skip to main content

Synonyms

Ethnic preferences; Modern prejudice; Racial discrimination; Racism; Sexism

Definition

Xenophobia is the excessive fear, dislike, and even hostility toward of anything “foreign” or to anything and anybody from outside one’s own social group, nation, or country (Hjerm, 1998, 2009; McEvoy, 1995; Orenstein, 1985). Xenophobia index is designed to measure the degree to which a respondent is xenophobic. The index presents a ranking of xenophobia on countries’ levels, it is calculated from the acceptance or rejection of the “foreigners,” and it varies as percentages (1–100 %) or, in some cases, on a range from 0 to 5. The higher the value of the index, the higher is the respondent’s level of xenophobia.

Description

The word “xenophobia” comes from the composite Greek word “ξενοφοβíα” with two components: the first component is “xenos” (ξένος) that means “foreigner,” and the second one is “phovos” (φóβος) and it means “fear.” Xenophobia has many expressions and varies among the...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 6,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 9,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bobo, L., & Hutchings, V. L. (1996). Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending Blumer’s theory of group position to a multiracial social context. American Sociological Review, 61(6), 951–972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burjanek, A. (2001). Xenophobia among the Czech population in the context of post-communist countries and Western Europe. Czech Sociological Review, 9(1), 53–67. Praha, Academy of Science - IS. ISSN 1210-3861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2003). The age of migration (3rd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Master, S., & Le Roy, M. K. (2000). Xenophobia and the European Union. Comparative Politics, 32(4), 419–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esaiasson, A. (2007). Metodpraktikan. Vallingby: Norstedts Juridik AB.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Annual report, 2008, TK-AG-08-001-EN-C (pp. 32–36). Retrieved from http://fra.europa.eu/fra/material/pub/ar08/ar08_en.pdf

  • FRA. (2007). Report on Racism and Xenophobia in the Member States of the EU at the European Parliament, August 2007 http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2011/annual-report-2007-report-racism-and-xenophobia-member-states-eu

  • Goodey, J. (2007). Racist violence in Europe: Challenges for official data collection. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(4), 570–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hjerm, M. (1998). Reconstructing ‘positive’ nationalism: Evidence from Norway and Sweden. Sociological Research Online, 3(2). Retrieved from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/socresonline/3/2/7.html

  • Hjerm, M. (2009). Anti-immigrant attitudes and cross-municipal variation in the proportion of immigrants. Acta Sociologica, 52(1), 47–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. 91–125). Orlando: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McEvoy, J. Ch. (1995). A consideration of the sociobiological dimensions of human xenophobia and ethnocentrism. Retrieved from http://www.pscw.uva.nl/sociosite/TOPICS/xenophobia.html

  • Michalos, A. C., & Zumbo, B. D. (2001). Ethnicity, modern prejudice and the quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 53, 189–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, M. A., Morrison, T. G., Pope, G. A., & Zumbo, B. D. (1999). An investigation of measures of modern and old-fashioned sexism. Social Indicators Research, 48, 39–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olzak, S. (2006). The global dynamics of racial and ethnic mobilization. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orenstein, D. M. (1985). The sociological quest: Principles of sociology. St. Paul, NY: West Publishing Company. (Report). Vienna: Institute for Advanced Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rydgren, J. (2008). Immigration sceptics, xenophobes or racists? Radical right-wing voting in six West-European countries. European Journal of Political Research, 47, 737–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, T., & Teorell, J. (2007). Att fråga och att svara. Malmö: Liber AB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 199–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thränhardt, D. (1995). The political uses of xenophobia in England, France and Germany. Party Politics, 1(3), 323–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vamstad, J., & Karlsson, S. (2009). Xenophobia in Europe: Testing economic interests and national identity. Lunds universitet STVK11, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen HT09.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, C. (1999). Xenophobia in transition: Austria and Eastern Europe compared. (Research Report). Vienna: Institute for Advanced Studies.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dionisis Philippas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Philippas, D. (2014). Xenophobia. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3296

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3296

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0752-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0753-5

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law

Publish with us

Policies and ethics