Synonyms
Innate immunity to viral infection; Recognition of viruses by pattern recognition receptors
Definition
Invasion of viruses into the host induces a defense response that is initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (Kawai and Akira 2011; Takeuchi and Akira 2010). The signaling pathway triggered by engagement of these molecules leads to cellular activation which increases the expression of co-stimulatory molecules by antigen-presenting cells (APC)s, as well as activating their antigen-presenting capacity and production of type I interferon’s (IFN) proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Type I IFNs are composed of more than ten members and play a central role in antiviral responses by inducing transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), induce several events including homing and activation of adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells. Activation of innate...
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Elbim, C., Appay, V. (2016). Antiviral Responses. In: Parnham, M.J. (eds) Compendium of Inflammatory Diseases. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8550-7_81
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8550-7_81
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