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Reproduktionsmedizin pp 1–8Cite as

Physiologie der Befruchtung

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Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Die Befruchtung im engeren Sinne erfolgt durch Verschmelzung des Spermiums mit der Oozyte zur Zygote. Die nukleäre Maturation bezeichnet die Reifungsschritte der ersten und zweiten Meiose zur Reduktion des diploiden Chromosomensatzes, welche erst durch das Eindringen des Spermiums und die Ausschleusung des zweiten Polkörpers vollendet wird. Parallel dazu erfolgt die zytoplasmatische Reifung mit Größenzunahme der Eizelle sowie gesteigerten Transkriptions- und Translationsprozessen, welche wesentlich für die Entwicklungskompetenz der Eizelle und damit des entstehenden Embryos sind. Die Eizelle ist in einem engen Zeitfenster von ca. 12 Stunden nach der Ovulation im Eileiter befruchtungsfähig. Die Spermien erlangen erst im weiblichen Genitaltrakt durch Kapazitation die Kompetenz zur Fertilisierung einer Eizelle. Das Durchdringen des Kumuluskomplexes sowie die spezifische Bindung an die Zona pellucida und die Akrosomreaktion ermöglichen die Verschmelzung des Spermiums mit der Eizelle. Es folgt die Aktivierung der Oozyte mit Aufhebung des meiotischen Arrests, Dekondensation des Chromatins und Ausbildung eines weiblichen und männlichen Pronukleus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facharzt-Zentrum für Kinderwunsch, Pränatale Medizin, Endokrinologie und Osteologie, amedes experts Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Barbara Sonntag

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  1. Barbara Sonntag
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Correspondence to Barbara Sonntag .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Facharzt-Zentrum für Kinderwunsch, Pränatale Medizin, Endokrinologie und Osteologie Hamburg GmbH, amedes experts, Hamburg, Germany

    Klaus Diedrich

  2. SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Michael Ludwig

  3. Sektion für gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM Schleswig-Holstein – Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Georg Griesinger

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Sonntag, B. (2018). Physiologie der Befruchtung. In: Diedrich, K., Ludwig, M., Griesinger, G. (eds) Reproduktionsmedizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55601-6_9-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55601-6_9-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-55601-6

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Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Physiologie der Befruchtung
    Published:
    26 July 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55601-6_9-2

  2. Original

    Physiologie der Befruchtung
    Published:
    25 May 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55601-6_9-1

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