Synonyms
Definitions
The time-dependent plastic flow of materials under the conditions of constant load or stress is commonly called as creep. It takes place under long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are typically below the yield point of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to elevated temperature for long periods, and near melting point. It always becomes faster with temperature increase (Kachanov 1958; Rabotnov 1969).
The rate of this deformation is a function of the material properties, time, temperature, and the applied structural load. Depending on the magnitude of the applied stress and its duration, the deformation may become so large that a component can no longer perform its function. Creep is usually of concern to engineers and metallurgists when evaluating components that operate under high stresses or high temperatures. The temperature range in which creep deformation may...
References
Abo El Ata MM, Finnie I (1972) On the prediction of creep-rupture life of components under multiaxial stress. In: Proceedings of IUTAM symposium on creep in structures 1970. Springer, Gothenburg, pp 80–95
Ashby MF, Gandhi C, Taplin DMR (1979) Fracture-mechanism maps and their construction for f.c.c. metals and alloys. Acta Metall 27:699–729
Dietrich L, Kowalewski ZL (1997) Experimental investigation of an anisotropy in copper subjected to predeformation due to constant and monotonic loadings. Int J Plast 13:87–109
Dyson BF, Gibbons TB (1987) Tertiary creep in nickel-base superalloys: analysis of experimental data and theoretical synthesis. Acta Metall 35:2355–2369
Dyson BF, McLean D (1977) Creep of Nimonic 80A in torsion and tension. Met Sci 11:37–45
Fel D, Hsu DK, Warchol M (2001) Simultaneous velocity thickness and profile imaging by ultrasonic scan. J Nondestruct Eval 8:95–112
Hayhurst DR (1972) Creep rupture under multi-axial states of stress. J Mech Phys Solids 20:381–390
Hayhurst DR (1983) On the role of creep continuum damage in structural mechanics. In: Wilshire B, Owen DRJ (eds) Engineering approaches to high temperature design. Pineridge Press, Swansea, pp 85–176
Hayhurst DR, Trąmpczyński WA, Leckie FA (1980) Creep rupture under non-proportional loading. Acta Metall 28:1171–1183
Johnson AE, Henderson J, Mathur VD (1956) Combined stress fracture of commercial copper at 250 C. Engineer 202:261
Johnson AE, Henderson J, Khan B (1962) Complex-stress creep, relaxation and fracture of metallic alloys. H.M.S.O, Edinburgh
Kachanov LM (1958) The theory of creep (English translation edited by Kennedy AJ). National Lending Library, Boston Spa
Kowalewski ZL (1995) Experimental evaluation of the influence of stress state type on creep characteristics of copper at 523K. Arch Mech 47:13–26
Kowalewski ZL (1996) Biaxial creep study of copper on the basis of isochronous creep surfaces. Arch Mech 48:89–109
Kowalewski ZL (2004) Isochronous creep rupture loci for metals under biaxial stress. J Strain Anal Eng Des 39:581–593
Kowalewski ZL (2014) Chapter: Thermo-creep damage in cu/Al alloys. In: Hetnarski R (ed) Encyclopedia of thermal stresses, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 5558–5566
Kowalewski ZL, Hayhurst DR, Dyson BF (1994) Mechanisms-based creep constitutive equations for an aluminium alloy. J Strain Anal 29:309–316
Kowalewski ZL, Szelążek J, Mackiewicz S, Pietrzak K, Augustyniak B (2009) Evaluation of damage development in steels subjected to exploitation loading – destructive and nondestructive techniques. J Multiscale Model 1:479–499
Leckie FA, Hayhurst DR (1977) Constitutive equations for creep rupture. Acta Metall 25:1059–1070
Li B, Lin J, Yao X (2002) A novel evolutionary algorithm for determining unified creep damage constitutive equations. Int J Mech Sci 44:987–1002
Lin J, Yang J (1999) GA based multiple objective optimization for determining viscoplastic constitutive equations for superplastic alloys. Int J Plast 15:1181–1196
Lin J, Kowalewski ZL, Cao J (2005) Creep rupture of copper and aluminium alloy under combined loadings – experiments and their various descriptions. Int J Mech Sci 47:1038–1058
Litewka A, Hult J (1989) One parameter CDM model for creep rupture prediction. Eur J Mech A Solids 8:185–200
Makowska K, Kowalewski ZL, Augustyniak B, Piotrowski L (2014) Determination of mechanical properties of P91 steel by means of magnetic Berkhausen emission. J Theor Appl Mech 52:181–188
Makowska K, Piotrowski L, Kowalewski ZL (2017) Prediction of the mechanical properties of P91 steel by means of magneto-acoustic emission and acoustic birefringence. J Nondestruct Eval 36:43
MartÃnez-Ona R, Pérez MC, Tecnatom SA (2000) Research on creep damage detection in reformer tubes by ultrasonic testing. In: Proceedings of 15th WCNDT Roma 2000, Madrid. http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt00/papers/idn238/idn238.htm
Narayan R, Green RE Jr (1975) Ultrasonic attenuation monitoring of fatique damage in nuclear pressure vessel steel at high temperature. Mater Eval 33:25–36
Ogi H, Minami Y, Aoki S, Hirao M (2000) Contactless monitoring of surface-wave attenuation and nonlinearity for evaluating remaining life of fatigued steel. In: Proceeding of 15th WCNDT Roma 2000. http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt00/papers/idn184/idn184.htm
Piotrowski L, Augustyniak B, Chmielewski M, Kowalewski ZL (2010) Multiparameter analysis of the Barkhausen nosie signal and its application for the assessment of a plastic deformation level in the 13HMF grade steel. Meas Sci Technol 21:115702-1-7
Piotrowski L, Augustyniak B, Chmielewski M, Kowalewski ZL (2011) Possibility of application of magnetoacoustic emission for the assessment of plastic deformation level in ferrous materials. IEEE Trans Magn 47:2087–2092
Rabotnov YN (1969) Creep problems in structural members. North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam
Sablik MJ, Augustyniak B (1999) Wiley encyclopedia of electrical and electronics engineering, Webster JG (ed). Wiley, New York
Sdobyrev VP (1959) Creep criterion for some high-temperature alloys in complex stress state (in Russian). Izv AN SSSR Mekh Mashinostr 6:12–19
Trąmpczyński W, Kowalewski ZL (1986) A tension-torsion testing technique. In: Proceedings of the symposium on techniques for multiaxial creep testing. Elsevier Applied Science, London/New York, pp 79–92
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kowalewski, Z.L., Ustrzycka, A. (2018). Creep Deformation. In: Altenbach, H., Öchsner, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_157-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_157-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53605-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53605-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering