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Influence of Exogenous Factors on Skin Aging

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Textbook of Aging Skin

Abstract

Being the most superficial organ, skin is constantly exposed to various insults in the surrounding majorly including ultraviolet rays (UVR), air pollutants, heavy metals, and cigarette smoke. Additionally, chemical ingredients in most of the cosmetic and dermatological products applied on the skin for its maintenance and protection negatively impact by contributing in the process of degeneration of skin cells. These exogenous factors further enhance the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory responses, hence damaging the extracellular matrix (ECM) components by stimulating skin aging through intrinsic factors. Certain UVR-sensitive genes also get activated by ROS, resulting in DNA damage and with compromised repair pathway, the cell undergoes the process of apoptosis. The alterations a cell undergoes after being exposed to environmental toxins contribute in its morphological and physiological deterioration resulting in dark spots, wrinkles, decreased elasticity, and dryness: characterizing aged skin. The present chapter discusses some of the major environmental pollutants and chemicals which influence the process of accelerated skin aging.

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Abbreviations

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

HRT:

Hormone replacement therapy

IR:

Infra –red radiation

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinases

MMP-1:

Matrix metalloproteinase-1

MWF:

Metal working fluids

NO:

Nitrogen oxide

PAH:

Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons

PM:

Particulate matter

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TCDD:

2,3 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

UV:

Ultraviolet radiation

UVR:

Ultraviolet radiation

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, UP, 201307, India

    Avani Ahuja, Neha Singh, Prashant Gupta, Shivangi Mishra & Vibha Rani

Authors
  1. Avani Ahuja
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  2. Neha Singh
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  3. Prashant Gupta
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  4. Shivangi Mishra
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  5. Vibha Rani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vibha Rani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Winton Hill Business Center, The Procter & Gamble Company , Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Miranda A. Farage

  2. Margoshes-Miller Consulting, LLC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Kenneth W. Miller

  3. Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Ahuja, A., Singh, N., Gupta, P., Mishra, S., Rani, V. (2017). Influence of Exogenous Factors on Skin Aging. In: Farage, M., Miller, K., Maibach, H. (eds) Textbook of Aging Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47398-6_173

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47398-6_173

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-47397-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-47398-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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