Synonyms
Lesion on tongue; lip; and other areas in the mouth
Definition
Oral cancer is a malignancy that occurs in different parts of the oral cavity, including: lips, the inside lining of the lips and cheeks (buccal mucosa), the teeth, the gums, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth below the tongue, and the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate).
Characteristics
Epidemiology and Etiology
Oral cancer is a significant global health concern. It is responsible for over 300,000 new cases per year worldwide. Sixty to eighty percent of cases are diagnosed at a late stage (in high and low resource countries, respectively), resulting in poor five-year survival rates. Squamous cell carcinomas constitute more than 90% of malignant tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Males shows a higher incidence than females, mainly because a significantly higher exposure to etiological factors. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol use. These two agents are strongly...
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References
Arnaoutakis D, Bishop J, Westra W, Califano JA (2013) Recurrence patterns and management of oral cavity premalignant lesions. Oral oncology 49:814–7
Jithesh PV, Risk JM, Schache AG, et al. (2013) The epigenetic landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 108:370–9
Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH (2011) The molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 11:9–22
Martinez VD, MacAulay CE, Guillaud M, et al. (2014) Targeting of chemoprevention to high-risk potentially malignant oral lesions: challenges and opportunities. Oral oncology 50:1123–30
Rosin MP, Cheng X, Poh C, et al. (2006) Use of allelic loss to predict malignant risk for low-grade oral epithelial dysplasia. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 6:357–62
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2015) Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature 517:576–82
See Also
(2012) CCND1. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 688. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_906
(2012) EGFR. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 1211. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_1828
(2012) Erythroplakia. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 1313–1314. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_1999
(2012) FHIT. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 1394. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_2168
(2012) Field cancerization. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 1406. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_2185
(2012) Leukoplakia. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 2028. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_3332
(2012) MYC family. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 2426. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_3922
(2012) Radiotherapy. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 3158. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4926
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Martinez, V., Garnis, C., Lam, W.L. (2017). Oral Cancer. In: Schwab, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_4249
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_4249
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