The Toscana virus (TOSV, sometimes also called Tuskany virus), an arbovirus of the genus Phlebovirusincluding Sicilian virus, Naples virus, and Punta Toro virus, is a serotype of Sandfly fever, which is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. Among the sandfly fever viruses, the Naples serocomplex and the Sicilian serocomplex are the two main serocomplexes associated with human diseases. Toscana virus is more diverse than other well-studied phleboviruses (for example, Rift Valley fever virus). All Phleboviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family and are enveloped RNA viruses with three helicoidal nucleocapsids (80–120 nm diameter) and grow in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The tripartite genome consists of negative-sense RNA divided into S (small)-, M (medium)-, and L (large)-segments. The L-segment is about 6,400 nucleotides in length and encodes for the viral polymerase. The M-segment with about 4,200 nucleotides encodes for structural glycoproteins, whereas the S-segment...
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Melaun, C., Werblow, A., Klimpel, S. (2016). Toscana Virus. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_5125
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