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Pediatric Nephrology pp 3–36Cite as

Embryonic Development of the Kidney

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Abstract

The mammalian kidney functions as a key regulator of water balance, acid–base homeostasis, maintenance of electrolytes, and waste excretion. The performance of these activities depends on the development of specific cell types in a precise temporal and spatial pattern, to produce a sufficient number of nephrons. Over the past several decades, considerable advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis for this developmental program. Defects in this program result in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, which are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease and renal failure in children. These developmental disorders range from renal malformations, such as renal aplasia (absence of the kidney), dysplasia (failure of normal renal differentiation), and hypoplasia (smaller kidneys), to urinary tract abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux and duplicated collecting systems. This chapter describes the embryology of the kidney and urinary tract, as a means to understand the developmental origins of these disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carlton Bates, Jacqueline Ho & Sunder Sims-Lucas

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  1. Carlton Bates
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  2. Jacqueline Ho
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  3. Sunder Sims-Lucas
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Correspondence to Carlton Bates .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Health System of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis D. Avner

  2. Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    William E. Harmon

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa

  5. Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Emma

  6. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

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Bates, C., Ho, J., Sims-Lucas, S. (2016). Embryonic Development of the Kidney. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N., Emma, F., Goldstein, S. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_1

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