Skip to main content

Diskriminierung zwischen Gruppen

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 676 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Psychologie ((SRP))

Zusammenfassung

Diskriminierung zwischen Gruppen geht auf psychologische und soziale Prozesse zurück. Diskriminierung beeinträchtigt die Diskriminierenden und die Diskriminierten. Möglichkeiten, der Neigung zu diskriminieren entgegenzuwirken, bieten Informations- und Kontaktkampagnen. Voraussetzung für die Wirksamkeit solcher Kampagnen ist allerdings ein entsprechender gesellschaftlicher Konsens.

Ich danke Viktoria Kosjankow, Adrean Rothers und Orgun Özcan für ihre Kommentare zu einer ersten Version des Manuskripts

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Literatur

  • Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right wing authoritarianism. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appel, M., Weber, S., & Kronberger, N. (2015). The influence of stereotype threat on immigrants: Review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 900. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00900.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Underwood, B., & Fromson, M. A. (1975). Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims. Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(75)90001-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Tal, D., & Hammack, P. L. (2012). Conflict, delegitimization and violence. In L. Tropp (Hrsg.), The Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (S. 29–52). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. C., Wright, S. C., Lubensky, M. E., & Zhou, S. (2013). Friend or ally: Whether cross-group contact undermines collective action depends on what advantaged group members say (or don’t say). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 442–455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167213477155.

  • Beelmann, A., & Heinemann, A. (2014). Preventing prejudice and improving intergroup attitudes: A meta-analysis of child and adolescent training programs. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35, 10–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.11.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettencourt, B. A., Dorr, N., Charlton, K., & Hume, D. L. (2001). Status difference and in-group bias. A meta-analytic examination of the effects of status stability, status legitimacy, and group permeability. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 520–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.127.4.520.

  • Christ, O., Schmid, K., Lolliot, S., Swart, H., Stolle, D., Tausch, N., Ramiah, A. A., Wagner, U., Vertovec, S., & Hewstone, M. (2014). Contextual effect of positive intergroup contact on outgroup prejudice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 3996–4000. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1320901111.

  • Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2007). The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 631–648. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, J., Tropp, L. R., Durrheim, K., & Tredoux, C. (2010). ‚Let them eat harmony‘: Prejudice reduction and the political attitudes of historically disadvantaged groups. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410363366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doosje, B., Moghaddam, F. M., Kruglanski, A. W., de Wolf, A., Mann, L., & Feddes, A. A. (2016). Terrorism, radicalization and de-radicalization. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.06.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovidio, J. F., Hewstone, M., Glick, P., & Esses, V. M. (Hrsg.). (2010). Prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: Theoretical and empirical overview. Prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination (S. 3–28). Los Angeles: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, C. F., Heine, S. J., & Takemura, K. (2014). Cultural variation in the minimal group effect. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 265–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grube, J. W., Mayton, D. M., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1994). Inducing change in values, attitudes, and behaviors: Belief system theory and the method of value self-confrontation. Journal of Social Issues, 50, 153–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01202.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guffler, K., & Wagner, U. (2017). Backfire of good intentions: Unexpected long-term contact intervention effects in an intractable conflict area. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 23, 383–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanphen, J. (2011). Kooperatives Lernen und Integrationsförderung: Eine theoriegeleitete Intervention in ethnisch heterogenen Schulklassen. Münster: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemmer, G., & Wagner U. (2015). Can we really reduce ethnic prejudice outside the lab? A meta-analysis of direct and indirect contact interventions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 152–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2079.

  • McDonald, M. M., Navarrete, C. D., & Sidanius, J. (2011). Developing a theory of gendered prejudice: An evolutionary and social dominance perspective. In R. M. Kramer, G. J. Leonardelli & R. W. Livingston (Hrsg.), Social cognition, social identity, and intergroup relations: A Festschrift in honor of Marilynn B. Brewer (S. 189–220). Oxford: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203816790.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, E., & Crisp, R. J. (2014). A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17, 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430213510573.

  • Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Klaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015). Racism as a determinant of health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 10(9), e0138511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138511.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922–934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinter, B., & Greenwald, A. G. (2011). A comparison of minimal group induction procedures. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14, 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430210375251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pro Asyl. (2017, Mai). Pro Menschenrechte. Contra Vorurteile. Fakten und Argumente zur Debatte über Flüchtlinge in Deutschland und Europa. https://www.proasyl.de/thema/rassismus/fakten-gegen-vorurteile/.

  • Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 921–948. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035754.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif, M. (1967). Group conflict and cooperation: Their social psychology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups. London: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Billig, M. G. (1974). Familiarity and categorization in intergroup behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(74)90064-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Augustin & S. Worchel (Hrsg.), Psychology of intergroup relations (S. 33–47). Monterey: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420010202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vezzali, L., Capozza, D., Giovannini, D., & Stathi, S. (2011). Improving implicit and explici intergroup attitudes using imagined contact: An experimental intervention with elementary school children. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15, 203–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430211424920.

  • Wagner, U., & Hewstone, M. (2012). Intergroup contact. In L. R. Tropp (Hrsg.), The Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (S. 193–228). Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199747672.001.0001.

  • Wagner, U., & Ward, P. L. (1993). Variation of out-group presence and evaluation of the in-group. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00998.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, U., Christ, O., Pettigrew, T. F., Stellmacher, J., & Wolf, C. (2006). Prejudice and minority proportion: Contact instead of threat effects. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69, 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250606900406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, U., Christ, O., & Heitmeyer, W. (2010). Ethnocentrism and bias towards immigrants. In J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick & V. M. Esses (Hrsg.), Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination (S. 361–376). Los Angeles: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, U., Becker, J. C., Christ, O., Pettigrew, T. F., & Schmidt, P. (2012). A longitudinal test of the relation between German nationalism, patriotism and outgroup derogation. European Sociological Review, 28, 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq066.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, B. E., & Kite, M. E. (2006). Prejudice and discrimination. Belmont: Thomson.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulrich Wagner .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Wagner, U. (2018). Diskriminierung zwischen Gruppen. In: Genkova, P., Riecken, A. (eds) Handbuch Migration und Erfolg. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18403-2_4-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18403-2_4-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-18403-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-18403-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Psychologie

Publish with us

Policies and ethics