Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbuch Politik USA pp 1–20Cite as

Politik in der Krise?

Polarisierungstendenzen im politischen Prozess der USA

Part of the Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften book series

Zusammenfassung

Polarisierung gehört seit über zwanzig Jahren zu den am meisten diskutierten politischen Phänomenen in den USA. Doch was zeichnet Polarisierung aus und wo liegen deren Ursachen? Dieser Artikel entwickelt eine Definition von Polarisierung und sieht deren Ursachen in einer Vielzahl von Faktoren, u. a. in der programmatischen Entwicklung der beiden großen Parteien und dem Aufstieg des Populismus, den ideologischen Positionen in Teilen der Gesellschaft, dem Zuschnitt der Wahlkreise und den Regeln und Verhaltensweisen im US-Kongress. Die möglichen Folgen für das politische System der USA werden abschließend erörtert.

Schlüsselwörter

  • Polarisierung
  • Kongress
  • Realignment
  • Gerrymandering
  • Redistricting

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Notes

  1. 1.

    Die hier verwendeten Daten sind hinsichtlich des 115. Kongress aktualisiert und auf der Website http://www.voteview.com verfügbar (Lewis et al. 2019). Eine Beschreibung des verwendeten Algorithmus findet sich in Poole und Rosenthal (1997).

Literatur

  • Abramowitz, Alan. 2018. The great alignment. race, party transformation, and the rise of Donald Trump. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Abramowitz, Alan I., und Kyle L. Saunders. 2008. Is polarization a myth? The Journal of Politics 70(02): 542–555.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Abramowitz, Alan I., et al. 2006. Don’t blame redistricting for uncompetitive elections. PS: Political Science & Politics 39(01): 87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adorf, Philipp. 2018. Gerrymandering – Ursprung der parlamentarischen Polarisierung? In Die USA – eine scheiternde Demokratie? Hrsg. Patrick Horst, Frank Decker und Philipp Adorf, 87–108. Frankfurt: Campus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansolabehere, Stephen, et al. 2006. Purple America. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(2): 97–118.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • APSA. 1950. Toward a more responsible two-party system: a report of the committee on political parties. The American Political Science Review 44(3 (Part 2, Suppl)):1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmines, Edward G., und James A. Stimson. 1989. Issue evolution. Race and the transformation of American politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, Jamie L., et al. 2007. Redistricting and party polarization in the U.S. House of Representatives. American Politics Research 35(6): 878–904.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, John J. 1997. The decline and resurgence of congressional party conflict. The Journal of Politics 59(1): 165–184.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Congressional Record. 2017. Congressional proceedings and debates of the 115th congress, first session. Washington, DC: United States Government Publishing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, Gary W., und Mathew D. McCubbins. 2005. Setting the agenda. Responsible party government in the U.S. House of Representatives. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, Paul, et al. 1996. Have American’s social attitudes become more polarized? American Journal of Sociology 102(3): 690–755.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, John H. 2003. Have Americans’ attitudes become more polarized? – An update. Social Science Quarterly 84(1): 71–90.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, Morris P., und Samuel J. Abrams. 2008. Political polarization in the American public. Annual Review of Political Science 11(1): 563–588.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, Morris P., und Matthew S. Levendusky. 2006. Disconnected: The political class versus the people. In Red and blue nation? Characteristics and causes of America’s polarized politics, Hrsg. Pietro S. Nivola und David W. Brady, 49–71. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, Morris P., et al. 2006. Culture war? The myth of a polarized America, 2. Aufl. New York: Pearson Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genovese, Michael A. 2010. Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Revised Edition Aufl. New York: Facts on File.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, James Davison. 1991. Culture wars. The struggle to define America. New York: BasicBooks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karol, David. 2013. The mythical moderates? Washington Post’s The Monkey Cage Blog. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2013/10/08/the-mythical-moderates/. Zugegriffen am 23.12.2013.

  • Kaufmann, Karen M., et al. 2003. A promise fulfilled? Open primaries and representation. Journal of Politics 65(2): 457–476.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lammert, Christian. 2020. Trump und die Krise der Demokratie in den USA. In Donald Trump und die Politik in den USA – Eine Zwischenbilanz, Hrsg. Florian Böller, Christoph Haas, Steffen Hagemann, David Sirakov und Sarah Wagner, 157–169. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Frances E. 2009. Beyond ideology. Politics, principles, and partisanship in the U.S. Senate. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Frances E. 2016. Insecure majorities. Congress and the perpetual campaign. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Levendusky, Matthew S. 2017. Americans, not partisans: Can priming American national identity reduce affective polarization? The Journal of Politics 80(1): 59–70.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Jeffrey B., et al. 2019. Voteview: Congressional roll-call votes database. https://voteview.com/.

  • Mann, Thomas E. 2006. Polarizing the house of representatives: How much does gerrymandering matter? In Red and blue nation? Characteristics and causes of America’s polarized politics (volume 1), Hrsg. Pietro S. Nivola und David W. Brady, 263–283. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, Thomas E., und Norman J. Ornstein. 2006. The broken branch. How congress is failing America and how to get it back on track, Institutions of American democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansbridge, Jane, und Cathie Jo Martin. 2013. Negotiating agreement in politics. In In American political science association task force report. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masket, Seth E., et al. 2012. The gerrymanderers are coming! Legislative redistricting won’t affect competition or polarization much, no matter who does it. PS: Political Science & Politics 45(01): 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, Nolan M., et al. 2006. Polarized America. The dance of ideology and unequal riches, The Walras-Pareto lectures. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, Nolan, et al. 2009. Does gerrymandering cause polarization? American Journal of Political Science 53(3): 666–680.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, Michael P. 2006. Drawing the line on district competition. PS: Political Science & Politics 39(01): 91–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielson, Lindsey, und Neil Visalvanich. 2013. Polarized primaries and polarized legislators: Examining the influence of primary elections on polarization in the U.S. House. Working paper. San Diego. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2262502. Zugegriffen am 17.01.2014.

  • Patzelt, Werner J. 2003. Einführung in die Politikwissenschaft. Grundriß des Faches und studiumbegleitende Orientierung. 5., erneut überarb. u. wesentlich erw. Aufl. Passau: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Rothe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, Keith T., und Howard Rosenthal. 1984. The polarization of American politics. Journal of Politics 46(4): 1061–1079.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Poole, Keith T., und Howard Rosenthal. 1997. Congress: A political-economic history of roll call voting. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, David W. 1991. Parties and leaders in the postreform house, American politics and political economy series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Shepsle, Kenneth A. 1989. The changing textbook congress. In Can the government govern? Hrsg. John E. Chubb und Paul E. Peterson, 238–266. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, Barbara. 2012 [2006]. Unorthodox lawmaking. New legislative processes in the U.S. Congress, 4. Aufl. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirakov, David. 2018. Kein Ende in Sicht. Die Polarisierung im US-Kongress. In Die gespaltenen Staaten von Amerika, Hrsg. Winand Gellner und Michael Oswald, 299–316. Wiesbaden: Springer.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sirakov, David. 2020. The Populist Moment? Populismus und Polarisierung in Zeiten Donald J. Trumps. In Donald Trump und die Politik in den USA – Eine Zwischenbilanz, Hrsg. Florian Böller, Christoph Haas, Steffen Hagemann, David Sirakov und Sarah Wagner, 15–35. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stonecash, Jeffrey M., et al. 2003. Diverging parties: Social change, realignment, and party polarization, Transforming American politics. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira, Ruy A. 2008. Red, blue, and purple America. The future of election demographics. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theriault, Sean M. 2006. Procedural Polarization in the U.S. Congress. Paper prepared for presentation at the American Political Development Workshop. Madison. http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/apw/archives/theriault.pdf. Zugegriffen am 05.11.2013.

  • Theriault, Sean M. 2008. Party polarization in congress. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Theriault, Sean M. 2013. The gingrich senators. The roots of partisan warfare in congress. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Theriault, Sean M., und David W. Rohde. 2011. The Gingrich senators and party polarization in the U.S. Senate. The Journal of Politics 73(04): 1011–1024.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, David. 2017. Purple America has all but disappeared. FiveThirtyEight. 8. März. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/purple-america-has-all-but-disappeared/. Gesehen 25.01.2019.

  • White House. 2011. Address by the President to the Nation. 25.07.2011. Washington, DC. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/07/25/address-president-nation. Zugegriffen am 12.10.2012.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atlantische Akademie Rheinland-Pfalz e.V., Kaiserslautern, Deutschland

    David Sirakov

Authors
  1. David Sirakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Sirakov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Christan Lammert

  2. Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

    Markus Siewert

  3. JFK Institut für Nordamerikastudien Abteilung Politik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Boris Vormann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Sirakov, D. (2020). Politik in der Krise?. In: Lammert, C., Siewert, M., Vormann, B. (eds) Handbuch Politik USA. Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_37-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_37-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-04125-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-04125-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Sozialwissenschaften & Recht

Chapter History

  1. Latest

    Politik in der Krise? Polarisierungstendenzen im politischen Prozess der USA
    Published:
    24 August 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_37-4

  2. Politik in der Krise?
    Published:
    25 June 2020

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_37-3

  3. Politik in der Krise?
    Published:
    22 January 2020

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_37-2

  4. Original

    Politik in der Krise? Polarisierungsdynamiken im politischen Prozess der USA
    Published:
    10 November 2014

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_37-1

search

Navigation