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Die Rolle von psychoaktiven Substanzen bei Lern- und Anpassungsprozessen

Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Psychologie ((SRP))

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Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel richtet sich in erster Linie an den psychotherapeutisch aktiven Leser, da es gängige neurobiologische Lernprozesse darstellt, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebrauch von psychoaktiven Substanzen wichtig sind. Anhand von Phänomenen wie z. B. dem assoziativen Lernen, dem sogenannten prediction error oder auch dem free- choice paradigm soll gezeigt werden, dass Lernen ein lebenslanger Prozess ist, dessen Ziel es ist, das Individuum an eine sich stetig wandelnde Umwelt anzupassen. Hierbei ist weiterhin die Rolle des endogenen Opiatsystems von großer Bedeutung, da dieses System sowohl das Vorliegen als auch das Fehlen von zufriedenstellender sozialer Interaktion, an denen das Individuum sich erfreut oder auch leidet, auf neurobiologischer Ebene vermittelt.

Psychoaktive Substanzen haben die Eigenschaft, intensive Gefühlszustände zu induzieren oder nachzuahmen. Dadurch wirken sie am „Motor“ von vielen Lernprozessen, da eine Information leichter gelernt, erinnert oder auch verändert wird, wenn sie in Zusammenhang mit einer emotionalen Anregung auftritt, im Vergleich zur Informationsverarbeitung, die bei einem Menschen stattfindet, der sich in einem neutralen Gefühlszustand befindet. Dieses Wissen um die stimulierenden Eigenschaften von vielen psychoaktiven Substanzen auf Lernprozesse ist hilfreich, wenn es darum geht, den Einsatz dieser Substanzen im Rahmen von substanzgestützter Psychotherapie zu verstehen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Die Begriffe Seeking, Panic, Rage, Fear, Play, Care und Lust werden in Großbuchstaben geschrieben, um sie als die sieben affektiven Primärprozesse, die im Panksepp’schen Modell etabliert sind, zu kennzeichnen.

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  1. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Schweiz

    Ansgar Rougemont-Bücking

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  1. Ansgar Rougemont-Bücking
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Correspondence to Ansgar Rougemont-Bücking .

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  1. FINDER academy and research , Berlin, Germany

    Maximilian von Heyden

  2. FINDER academy and research , Berlin, Germany

    Henrik Jungaberle

  3. St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tomislav Majić

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Rougemont-Bücking, A. (2016). Die Rolle von psychoaktiven Substanzen bei Lern- und Anpassungsprozessen. In: von Heyden, M., Jungaberle, H., Majić, T. (eds) Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_62-1

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  1. Latest

    Die Rolle von psychoaktiven Substanzen bei Lern- und Anpassungsprozessen
    Published:
    15 July 2020

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_62-2

  2. Original

    Die Rolle von psychoaktiven Substanzen bei Lern- und Anpassungsprozessen
    Published:
    23 July 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_62-1

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