Abstract
In this chapter, different aspects of climate variability at different time and spatial scales and their possible influences on ecosystems and biodiversity are discussed. A comprehensive full survey on climate change is presented in the fifth IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) assessment report 2013/2014.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bebbington A (1993) Sustainable livelihood development in the Andes: local institutions and regional resource use in Ecuador. Dev Policy Rev 11:5–30
Bendix J, Rollenbeck R, Fabian P (2008) Climate variability. In: Beck E, Bendix J, Kottke I, Makeschin F, Mosandl R (eds) Gradients in a tropical mountain ecosystem of Ecuador. Ecological studies, vol 198. Springer, Berlin, pp 280–291
Bendix J, Behling H, Peters T et al (2010) Functional biodiversity and climate change along an altitudinal gradient in a tropical mountain rainforest. In: Tscharntke T, Leuschner C, Veldkamp E, Faust H, Guhardja E, Bidin A (eds) Tropical rainforests and agroforests under global change, Environmental science and engineering, subseries environmental science. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 239–268
Brehm G, Homeier J, Fiedler K (2003) Beta diversity of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in an Andean montane rainforest. Divers Distrib 9:351–366
Bruhns KO (1994) Ancient South America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York
Bush MB (2002) Distributional change and conservation on the Andean flank: a paleoecological perspective. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 11:463–473
Colwell RK, Brehm G, Cardelius CL et al (2008) Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics. Science 322:258–261
De Koning GHJ, Veldkamp A, Fresco LO (1998) Land use in Ecuador: a statistical analysis at different aggregation levels. Agric Ecosyst Environ 70:231–247
Dodson CH, Gentry AH (1991) Biological extinction in western Ecuador. Ann Mo Bot Gard 78:273–295
Ellenberg H (1979) Man’s influence on tropical mountain ecosystems in South America. J Ecol 67(2):401–416
FAO (2005) State of the world’s forests 2005. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
IPCC (2013) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York, p 1535
Isbell F, Calcagno V, Hector A et al (2011) High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. Nature 477:199–203
Jokisch BD, Lair BM (2002) One last stand? Forests and change on Ecuador’s eastern Cordillera. Geogr Rev 92(2):235–256
Kessler M (2002) The elevational gradient of Andean plant endemism: varying influences of taxon-specific traits and topography at different taxonomic levels. J Biogeogr 29:1159–1165
Köster N, Friedrich K, Nieder J et al (2009) Conservation of epiphyte diversity in an Andean landscape transformed by human land use. Conserv Biol 23(4):911–919
Luteyn JL (1992) Páramos: why study them? In: Balslev H, Luteyn JL (eds) Páramo: an andean ecosystem under human influence. Academic, London, pp 151–170
Meehl GA, Stocker TF, Collins WD et al (2007) Global climate projections. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Avery, KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Global climate projections – climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 996 p
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystem and human well-being: biodiversity synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC
Mittermeier RA, Robles GP, Mittermeier CG (1997) Megadiversity: earth’s biologically wealthiest nations. Monterrey, Mexico
Mosandl R, Günter S, Stimm B (2008) Ecuador suffers the highest deforestation rate in South America. In: Beck E, Bendix J, Kottke I, Makeschin F, Mosandl R (eds) Gradients in a tropical mountain ecosystem of Ecuador, Ecological studies. Springer, Berlin, pp 37–40
Peters T, Diertl K, Gawlik J et al (2010) Vascular plant diversity in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems in the Andes of Southern Ecuador – studies from the Rio San Francisco Valley. Mt Res Dev 30:344–352
Peters T, Drobnik T, Meyer H et al (2013) Environmental changes affecting the Andes of Ecuador. In: Beck E, Bräuning A, Makeschin F, Mosandl R, Scheu S, Wilcke W (eds) Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and environmental change in a tropical mountain ecosystem of South Ecuador, Ecological studies. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 19–31
Peters T, Braeuning A, Muenchow J et al (2014) An ecological paradox: high species diversity and low position of the upper forest line in the Andean Depression. Ecol Evol. doi:10.1002/ece3.1078
Pimm R, Raven P (2000) Biodiversity – extinction by numbers. Nature 403:843–845
Richter M (2003) Using plant functional types and soil temperatures for eco-climatic interpretation in southern Ecuador. Erdkunde 57:161–181
Richter M, Diertl KH, Emck P, Peters T, Beck E (2009) Reasons for an outstanding plant diversity in the tropical Andes of Southern Ecuador. Landscape Online 12/2009.
Sarmiento FO, Frolich LM (2002) Andean cloud forest tree lines. Naturalness, agriculture and the human dimension. Mt Res Dev 22(3):278–287
Southgate D, Whitaker M (1994) Promoting resource degradation in Latin America: tropical deforestation, soil erosion, and coastal ecosystem disturbance in Ecuador. Econ Dev Cult Chang 40:787–807
Urrutia R, Vuille M (2009) Climate change projections for the tropical Andes using a regional climate model: temperature and precipitation simulations for the end of the 21th century. J Geophys Res 114:D02108
Werner F, Jantz N, Krashevska V et al (2013) Climate change effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In: Beck E, Bräuning A, Makeschin F, Mosandl R, Scheu S, Wilcke W (eds) Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and environmental change in a tropical mountain ecosystem of South Ecuador, Ecological studies. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 247–265
Williams JW, Jackson ST, Kutzbach JE (2007) Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:5738–5742
Zhang Y, Chen HYH, Reich PB (2012) Forest productivity increases with evenness, species richness and trait variation: a global meta-analysis. J Ecol. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01944.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Peters, T. (2016). Climate Change in the Tropics. In: Pancel, L., Köhl, M. (eds) Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_42
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54600-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54601-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences