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The Prokaryotes pp 165–193Cite as

The Family Methanobacteriaceae

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Abstract

The family Methanobacteriaceae (order Methanobacteriales, class Methanobacteria) currently (January 2014) consists of four genera: Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera and Methanothermobacter, with a total of 49 species. Morphologically the family is very diverse, cell shape varying from cocci or short rods to long filamentous rods. Motility is seldom encountered. The cell wall consists of pseudomurein, and cells generally stain Gram-positive. Polar lipids are based on archaeol and caldarchaeol core lipids. Phopholipid head groups include glucose, myo-inositol, serine and in some genera ethanolamine. All species are strict anaerobes, and most members of the family obtain energy for growth from the reduction of CO2 with H2. Formate is used by many species. Species of the genus Methanosphaera do not reduce CO2 but obtain their energy only from the reduction of methanol by H2. The mol% G+C of the DNA varies between 23 and 62. Members of the family are widely distributed in anaerobic environments including aquatic sediments, sewage treatment systems, gastrointestinal tracts of animals, and in geothermal areas.

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  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel

    Aharon Oren

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  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Oren, A. (2014). The Family Methanobacteriaceae . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_411

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