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The Prokaryotes pp 459–484Cite as

The Genus Bacteroides

Abstract

Bacteroides species has a large genome that allows it to adapt to particular environments or conditions. The genome of Bacteroides fragilis, the type species of the genera, is also quite “plastic” and contains a large number of moving elements such as plasmids, transposons, and conjugative transposons that are important in dissemination of resistance and virulence elements. Thus, BF may serve as a gut reservoir for resistance determinants that they can pass on to much more virulent bacteria that move through the gut only periodically. Bacteroides fragilis is normally a human gut commensal or even a symbiont. BF can become a virulent pathogen if it escapes its gastrointestinal niche as a consequence of disruption of the integrity of the intestinal barrier due to surgery, trauma, or disease. BF only accounts for 2 % of the total gut Bacteroides, but it is the agent of >70 % of Bacteroides infections. BF can be found in almost every type of infection including bacteremia, serious gynecological infections, peritonitis, soft tissue infections, and brain abscess. Some BF contain a gene coding for an enterotoxin (ETBF) that can cause severe diarrheal disease. BF makes a polysaccharide capsule (PSA) that is important in the immune development of the newborn and may be important in preventing colitis; ironically, PSA is required for B. fragilis to initiate abscess formation in experimental models.

Keywords

  • Bacteroides

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Acknowledgements

HW (author) is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GLAVAHCS, Bldg. 115 Room 312, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA

    Hannah M. Wexler

  2. David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Hannah M. Wexler

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Correspondence to Hannah M. Wexler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Wexler, H.M. (2014). The Genus Bacteroides . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_129

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