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The Family Acidithiobacillaceae

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

The Acidithiobacillaceae are one of the two families of the order Acidithiobacillales, containing a single genus, Acidithiobacillus, with five currently known species. All are obligately chemolithoautotrophic acidophiles, growing in the range pH 0.5–5.5; three are mesophiles, one is moderately psychrophilic, and one is a moderate thermophile. They oxidize elemental sulfur and its compounds to generate energy for carbon dioxide fixation and cell biosynthesis. Two species can also oxidize ferrous iron and sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS2) for energy generation. They have relatively small genomes (ca. 3 Mb), which encode all the enzyme-proteins required for total biosynthesis from carbon dioxide and energy generation from the inorganic oxidations. The genomes exhibit high levels of gene acquisition by horizontal gene transfer. The family is currently assigned to the Gammaproteobacteria, but it is proposed to be a group separate from both the Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, which justifies its recognition as a distinct Class of the Proteobacteria. Their mineral-degrading and sulfur-oxidation activities are commercially exploited worldwide to assist in the economic recovery of metals (e.g., copper, uranium, nickel, gold) from their low-grade ores and from mining wastes, by the process of bioleaching.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK

    Donovan P. Kelly

  2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, Henriette Raphael House, Guy’s Campus, SE1 1UL, London, UK

    Ann P. Wood

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  1. Donovan P. Kelly
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Correspondence to Donovan P. Kelly .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Kelly, D.P., Wood, A.P. (2014). The Family Acidithiobacillaceae . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38922-1_250

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