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Nutrition Needs During Recovery Following Athletic Injury

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Sports Injuries

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Abstract

Athletic injuries prevent athletes from achieving their performance goal. An adequate and balanced diet has a multidimensional effect on athletes’ well-being, health, and performance. Hence, the aim of this chapter is to provide recommendations on nutritional needs, such as energy and macronutrient intake and distribution to minimize the loss of muscle mass, power, and strength provoked by the injury, and shorten the return to play, while ensuring the healing process and minimize the risk of recurrence. Adequate energy availability as well as energy balance is essential for the recovery and rehabilitation progress. Due to the metabolic stress response, the recommended protein intake is 1.5–2.0 g/kg/day, while an even higher intake is recommended (>2.0 g/kg/day) during ongoing loss of tissues and after surgery. Protein is essential for wound healing and collagen synthesis, as well as protein breakdown, increased levels of stress hormones and inflammation. Carbohydrates are necessary to restore glycogen stores and for reduction of protein breakdown as well as wound healing. Fat intake, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation, probably ameliorates muscle loss during immobilization, while it may have negative effects on wound healing in the initial stages after injury. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds moderate the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines after injury, while probiotics may enhance the immune system response during muscle recovery. Specific micronutrients are crucial for wound healing and recovery. In conclusion, adequate energy and macro- and micronutrients are fundamental for tissue repair, wound healing, and control of inflammation and oxidative stress caused by an injury.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sport Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö/Kalmar, Sweden

    Anna K. Melin

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Maria J. Spanoudaki & Sousana Κ. Papadopoulou

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, 424 Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Maria J. Spanoudaki

  4. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Jens Rikardt Andersen

Authors
  1. Anna K. Melin
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  2. Maria J. Spanoudaki
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  3. Jens Rikardt Andersen
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  4. Sousana Κ. Papadopoulou
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna K. Melin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hacettepe University Fac. Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye

    Mahmut Nedim Doral

  2. Gothenburg, Sweden

    Jon Karlsson

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Melin, A.K., Spanoudaki, M.J., Andersen, J.R., Papadopoulou, S.Κ. (2024). Nutrition Needs During Recovery Following Athletic Injury. In: Doral, M.N., Karlsson, J. (eds) Sports Injuries. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_304-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_304-2

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  1. Latest

    Nutrition Needs During Recovery Following Athletic Injury
    Published:
    30 April 2024

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_304-2

  2. Original

    Nutrition Needs During Recovery Following Athletic Injury
    Published:
    06 November 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_304-1

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