Introduction
The effect of ground motion on rigid retaining walls is examined using the method proposed by Mononobe and Okabe, which is based on the Coulomb’s theory of static soil pressure. The analysis and design issues for these walls are covered in a separate companion article. M-O method requires that the retaining walls can move freely (slide or rotate) so that active or passive earth pressures develop behind the wall. Nevertheless, there are many cases (such as basement walls) where the free movement of the wall is fully or partially restrained, referred as non-yielding walls; furthermore, in situ retaining wall systems made from sequential excavation process provide stability and minimize movements of the adjacent ground throughout their flexible facing. In the last decades, a great deal of research work both in the analytical and in experimental areas has been performed to evaluate the adequacy of the M-O...
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Halabian, A.M. (2015). Analysis and Design Issues of Geotechnical Systems: Flexible Walls. In: Beer, M., Kougioumtzoglou, I., Patelli, E., Au, IK. (eds) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_67-1
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