Keratomalacia, Vitamin A Deficiency

Definition

Keratomalacia is characterized by corneal melting, conjunctival xerosis, and in advanced disease, liquefactive necrosis of the corneal stroma. It is frequently associated with xerophthalmia secondary to vitamin A deficiency, is generally bilateral, and is most commonly seen in malnourished children less than 5 years of age in developing countries. Its prevalence in economically advanced countries is rare but associated with metabolic, psychiatric, and eating disorders affecting vitamin A intake. Treatment should address reversal of vitamin A deficiency and improvement of general health; perforations may require corneal transplantation.

Cross-References

• Xerophthalmia Disease