Definition
Benign or malignant proliferation of blood vessel endothelium that originates in either conjunctival epithelium or stroma.
Etiology
Most vascular tumors of the conjunctiva occur spontaneously (Shields et al. 2004). Kaposi sarcoma is associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection and almost exclusively seen in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Hiatt et al. 2008). Pyogenic granulomas are associated with infectious, inflammatory, or traumatic inciting events.
Clinical Presentation
Conjunctival vascular tumors are a heterogenous group of tumors with morphology dependent on the underlying cause of the tumor. The tumors can be divided into benign or malignant tumors.
A lymphangioma is a benign tumor. It can be diffused or circumscribed and generally presents...
References
Hiatt KM, Nelson AM, Lichy JH, Fanburg-Smith JC (2008) Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in the United States over the last two decades: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of non-HIV-related Kaposi Sarcoma patients with comparison to HIV-related Kaposi Sarcoma. Mod Pathol 21(5):572–582. PMID: 18376387
Shields CL, Shields JA (2004) Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea. Surv Ophthalmol 49(1):3–24. Review. PMID: 14711437
Shields CL, Demirci H, Karatza E et al (2004) Clinical survey of 1643 melanocytic and nonmelanocytic conjunctival tumors. Ophthalmology 111:1747–1754
Shields JA, Mashayekhi A, Kligman BE et al (2011a) Vascular tumors of the conjunctiva in 140 cases. Ophthalmology 118(9):1747–1753. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.04.034, Epub 23 July 2011. PMID: 21788081
Shields JA, Kligman BE, Mashayekhi A, Shields CL (2011b) Acquired sessile hemangioma of the conjunctiva: a report of 10 cases. Am J Ophthalmol 152(1):55–59.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.013, Epub 6 May 2011. PMID: 21529766
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Betts, B. (2014). Vascular Tumors Disease of the Conjunctiva. In: Schmidt-Erfurth, U., Kohnen, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_573-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_573-1
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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