Introduction
The determination of structural response given the seismic loading is of paramount importance in earthquake engineering. Due to the random nature of earthquakes, it is widely accepted that this is best done in probabilistic rather than deterministic terms. Thus, modern frameworks for performance-based earthquake engineering are based on the evaluation of the distribution of structural response, characterized by one or more engineering demand parameters (EDPs, e.g., peak interstory drift ratio or peak floor acceleration), given the level of a (typically scalar) intensity measure (IM, e.g., peak ground acceleration or first-mode spectral acceleration), used to characterize the earthquake loading (Cornell and Krawinkler 2000). This distribution is symbolized by the corresponding probability distribution function (PDF) of EDP given the IM: P(EDP|IM).
Such results are often employed in tandem with one or more distinct limit or damage states that characterize the performance (or...
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Vamvatsikos, D. (2015). Analytic Fragility and Limit States [P(EDP|IM)]: Nonlinear Dynamic Procedures. In: Beer, M., Kougioumtzoglou, I.A., Patelli, E., Au, SK. (eds) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_247
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