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The Prokaryotes pp 3–75Cite as

Organic Acid and Solvent Production: Acetic, Lactic, Gluconic, Succinic, and Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acids

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Abstract

The objective of this chapter is to present the ways bacteria are effectively harnessed as biocatalysts to perform the synthesis of bulk organic acids and solvents. Prior to the development of the petroleum-based chemical industry, microbial fermentations of agricultural biomass were a major source of a number of useful bulk organic chemicals. Commercial chemical production often emerged from a much earlier food-processing technology where grains, corns, milks, and fruits were fermented to wines, beers, cheeses, and vinegars. Beginning at the end of the nineteenth century and continuing to the present, specific bacterial strains were selected from nature to produce commercially needed bulk chemicals such as lactic acid, acetic acid, acetone and butanol, and more recently gluconic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Lactic acid currently is produced at very large volumes for a multitude of food and industrial uses. Using the tools of metabolic engineering, bacterial strains are being altered for production of propanediols, butanediol, and succinic acid at higher yields and productivity than are possible using natural strains.

∗Deceased

In Memoriam

Palmer Rogers, the lead author of this chapter and the senior author of chapters two and three, envisioned the scope of this work and led the effort to examine critically the past, the present, and the future of industrial production of organic acids and solvents by bacterial fermentation. In 2002, Palmer passed away suddenly, before the completion of the original version of these chapters. Palmer was the one who motivated and shepherded us to join the effort and to ensure the completion of this work. He had a lifelong dedication to education of students and helped them attain the satisfaction that achieving in-depth understanding of science through hard work can bring. Palmer was kind, creative, energetic, and uncompromising in his scientific integrity and will be remembered with fondness by many people whose lives he touched.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Jiann-Shin Chen

  2. Biotechnology Development Center, Cargill, Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Mary Jo Zidwick

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  1. Palmer Rogers∗
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  2. Jiann-Shin Chen
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  3. Mary Jo Zidwick
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  4. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  5. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Rogers∗, P., Chen, JS., Zidwick, M.J. (2013). Organic Acid and Solvent Production: Acetic, Lactic, Gluconic, Succinic, and Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acids. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31331-8_23

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