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The Order Halanaerobiales, and the Families Halanaerobiaceae and Halobacteroidaceae

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

The order Halanaerobiales, families Halanaerobiaceae and Halobacteroidaceae, consists of obligatory anaerobic, moderately halophilic bacteria that require NaCl concentrations between 0.5 and 3.4 M for optimal growth. Representatives have been isolated from anaerobic sediments of salt lakes worldwide, from brines associated with oil reservoirs, and also from fermented salted foods. Some species are thermophilic or alkaliphilic. Although phylogenetically affiliated with the low G+C branch of the Firmicutes, the cells show a Gram-negative wall structure, and most species stain Gram-negative. Some representatives of the Halobacteroidaceae produce endospores. Most species ferment carbohydrates to acetate, ethanol, H2, CO2, and other fermentation products. Within the Halobacteroidaceae, a greater metabolic diversity is found, with some species displaying a homoacetogenic metabolism; growth by anaerobic respiration using different electron acceptors including nitrate, trimethylamine.-oxide, selenate, arsenate, or Fe(III); or chemolithoautotrophic growth on hydrogen and elemental sulfur.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel

    Aharon Oren

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  1. Aharon Oren
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Correspondence to Aharon Oren .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Dedicated to the memory of George A. Zavarzin (1933–2011), a pioneer of research on anaerobic halophilic microorganisms.

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Oren, A. (2014). The Order Halanaerobiales, and the Families Halanaerobiaceae and Halobacteroidaceae . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30120-9_218

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