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MDM Genes

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Cancer

  • 33 Accesses

Synonyms

Mouse double minute gene

Definition

The MDM are two genes, MDM2 and MDM4, found amplified in different human tumors. Their main activity is the binding and regulation of the oncosuppressor p53.

Characteristics

The MDM gene family comprises MDM2 and MDM4 (also called MDMX), identified in 1992 and 1997, respectively. The first identified gene, MDM2, derives its name from having been isolated from small, extrachromosomal bodies present in a mouse cell line and called mouse double minute. On the same double minute, MDM1 and MDM3 were also isolated, but they resulted completely unrelated to MDM2.

MDM2 and MDM4 show high similarity at the level of gene sequence and structure and may be considered paralogs. Orthologs of MDM2 and MDM4 have been described in different animal species across evolution, from Homo sapiens to the zebra fish, Danio Rerio, to the frog Xenopus laevis and to the lampreys, suggesting an ancient origin of these genes. MDM2 and MDM4are indeed essential genes for...

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References

  • Burgess A, Chia KM, Haupt S, Thomas D, Haupt Y, Lim E (2016) Clinical overview of MDM2/X-targeted therapies. Front Oncol 6:1–7

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  • Khoo KH, Verma CS, Lane DP (2014) Drugging the p53 pathway: understanding the route to clinical efficacy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 13:217–236

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  • Marine JC, Francoz S, Martens M et al (2006) Keeping p53 in check: essential and synergistic functions of Mdm2 and Mdm4. Cell Death Differ 13:927–934

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  • Moretti F (2016) Novel insights about the MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer. Mol Cell Oncol 3:e1066923

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  • Tollini LA, Zhang Y (2012) p53 Regulation Goes Live-Mdm2 and MdmX Co-Star: Lessons Learned from Mouse Modeling Genes Cancer 3:219–225

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  • Onel K, Cordon-Cardo C (2004) MDM2 and prognosis. Mol Cancer Res 2:1–8.

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See Also

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  • (2012) Kinase. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3rd edn. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p 1943. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_3217

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  • (2012) Neddylation. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3rd edn. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p 2469. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_3995

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  • (2012) P53. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3rd edn. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p 2747. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4331

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  • (2012) Polymorphism. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3rd edn. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp 2954-2955. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4673

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  • (2012) Zinc-Finger Proteins. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3rd edn. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p 3977. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_6299

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Council Research of Italy, Rome, Italy

    Fabiola Moretti

Authors
  1. Fabiola Moretti
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fabiola Moretti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Tumorgenetik, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany

    Manfred Schwab

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Moretti, F. (2014). MDM Genes. In: Schwab, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_3583-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_3583-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27841-9

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