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Encyclopedia of Cancer pp 1–5Cite as

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

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Synonyms

Chronic granulocytic leukemia; Chronic myelogenous leukemia; CML; Ph-positive chronic leukemia

Definition

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder caused by a malignant transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell. Mature granulocytes and precursors proliferate and increase in bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Characteristics

The annual incidence is 1–2 cases every 100,000 inhabitants/year and increases with age, with a male prevalence. It account for 15–20 % of all cases of leukemia in adult Western population. The disease is characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11) called Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The Ph chromosome is present in more than 90 % of adult CML patients, in 15–30 % of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and in 2 % of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Diagnosis is often based on morphological analysis of peripheral blood that showed increased mature myeloid cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Characterization of disease is...

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Abbreviations

ALL:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

AP:

Accelerated phase

BP:

Terminal blastic phase

CCyR:

Conventional cytogenetic analysis

CHR:

Complete hematologic remission

CP:

Chronic phase

MMR:

Major molecular response

OS:

Overall survival

Ph:

Philadelphia chromosome

RQ-PCR:

Real quantitative polymerase chain reaction

RT-PCR:

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

References

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  • Breccia M, Alimena G (2011b) Nilotinib for the treatment of newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia: review of the latest clinical evidence. Clin Investig 1:707–719

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  • Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ et al (2001) Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 344:1031–1037

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  • Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A, Baccarani M (2007) European LeukemiaNet. Chronic myeloid leukaemia. Lancet 370:342–350

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Breccia

Authors
  1. Massimo Breccia
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Massimo Breccia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Tumorgenetik, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany

    Manfred Schwab

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Breccia, M. (2014). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. In: Schwab, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_1156-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_1156-6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27841-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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