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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology

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Synonyms

IPSC

Definition

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pluripotent cells that have been “reprogrammed” from differentiated somatic cells. Most cells in the adult body are differentiated, that is, they have adopted a particular cellular fate and cannot generally turn into cells of any other type. Stem cells by contrast are able to generate a range of cell types, while pluripotent stem cells have the singular ability to generate any cell type in the body. “Reprogramming,” therefore, brings about the dramatic transformation of a somatic cell, whose fate is terminal and fixed, to a pluripotential cell that has the potential to generate any cell type in the body. Since this includes nerve cells, iPSCs present a means of generating human neurons in a tissue culture dish.

Current Concepts and State of Knowledge

History of iPSCs

iPSCs technology dates from 2006, when Takahashi and Yamanaka described a technique to derive pluripotent cells from mouse skin fibroblasts (Takahashi and...

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References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK

    Jack Price

Authors
  1. Jack Price
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Correspondence to Jack Price .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Behavioural Pharmacology, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry P049, London, United Kingdom

    Ian P. Stolerman

  2. Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

    Lawrence H. Price

Glossary

Blastocyst

An early-stage mammalian embryo, reached after about 5 days in human development, composed of a few hundred cells

Copy Number Variant (CNV)

A copy number variant is a change in the structure of the genome whereby a genetic sequence is either deleted or duplicated. Consequently, the carrier of the CNV will have more or fewer copies of certain genes than expected

Embryonic Stem Cells (ES Cells)

ES cells are pluripotent stem cells derived directly from the embryo. So unlike iPSCs, whose pluripotentiality is artificially induced by reprogramming, ES cells are derived directly from naturally pluripotent cells

High-Content Screening

High-content screening is an approach to drug discovery whereby the effect of compounds on multiple phenotypic properties of cells is analyzed simultaneously, frequently involving image analysis using fluorescent tags

Inner Cell Mass

The inner cell mass is the small cluster of transiently pluripotential cells in the early mammalian embryo, from which all the cell types of the body are derived

Non-integrating Vectors

Vectors which transfer genetic material into cells, but which do not themselves integrate into the human nuclear DNA. Because they do not integrate, they do not damage the genome, and they disappear from the cell in time, thereby reducing any problems that might result from the presence of an extraneous DNA sequence in the cell

Pluripotent

Having the potential to generate all the cell types in the body

Reprogramming

The transition from a differentiated or committed phenotype to a more primitive, less-differentiated state

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Price, J. (2014). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. In: Stolerman, I., Price, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27772-6_7013-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27772-6_7013-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27772-6

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