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Toscana Virus

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Encyclopedia of Parasitology

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The Toscana virus (TOSV, sometimes also called Tuskany virus), an arbovirus of the genus Phlebovirusincluding Sicilian virus, Naples virus, and Punta Toro virus, is a serotype of Sandfly fever, which is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. Among the sandfly fever viruses, the Naples serocomplex and the Sicilian serocomplex are the two main serocomplexes associated with human diseases. Toscana virus is more diverse than other well-studied phleboviruses (for example, Rift Valley fever virus). All Phleboviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family and are enveloped RNA viruses with three helicoidal nucleocapsids (80–120 nm diameter) and grow in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The tripartite genome consists of negative-sense RNA divided into S (small)-, M (medium)-, and L (large)-segments. The L-segment is about 6,400 nucleotides in length and encodes for the viral polymerase. The M-segment with about 4,200 nucleotides encodes for structural glycoproteins, whereas the S-segment...

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Further Reading

  • Ciufolini MG, Maroli M, Verani P (1985) Growth of two phleboviruses after experimental infection of their suspected sandfly vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera:Psychodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 34:174–179

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  • Ciufolini MG, Maroli M, Guandalini E, Marchi A, Verani P (1989) Experimental studies on the maintenance of Toscana and Arbia viruses (Bunyaviridae:Phlebovirus). Am J Trop Med Hyg 40:669–675

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  • Cusi MG, Savellini GG (2011) Diagnostic tools for Toscana virus infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 9:799–805. doi:10.1586/eri.11.54

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  • Depaquit J, Grandadam M, Fouque F, Andry P, Peyrefitte C (2010) Arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies in Europe: a review. Euro Surveill 15(10):pii=19507

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  • Maroli M, Ciufolini MG, Verani P (1993) Vertical transmission of Toscana virus in the sandfly, Phlebotomus perniciosus, via the second gonotrophic cycle. Med Vet Entomol 7:283–286

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  • Melaun C, Werblow A, Busch MW, Liston A, Klimpel S (2014) Bats as potential reservoir hosts for vector-borne diseases. In: Klimpel S, Mehlhorn H (eds) Parasitology research monographs, vol 5, 1st edn. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 25–61

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  • Pérez-Ruiz M, Collao X, Navarro-Marí JMA, Tenorio A (2007) Reversetranscription, real-time PCR assay for detection of Toscana virus. J Clin Virol 39:276–281. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2007.05.003

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  • Tesh RB, Lubroth J, Guzman H (1992) Simulation of arbovirus overwintering: survival of Toscana virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) in its natural sandfly vector Phlebotomus perniciosus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47:574–581

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft fuer Naturforschung, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Christian Melaun, Antje Werblow & Sven Klimpel

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  1. Christian Melaun
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  2. Antje Werblow
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  3. Sven Klimpel
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Correspondence to Christian Melaun , Antje Werblow or Sven Klimpel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Zoomorphology and Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Heinz Mehlhorn

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Melaun, C., Werblow, A., Klimpel, S. (2016). Toscana Virus. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_5125-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_5125-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27769-6

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