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Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science pp 1–28Cite as

Volcanic Eruptions: Cyclicity During Lava Dome Growth

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Glossary

Andesite:

Magma or volcanic rock that is characterized by intermediate SiO2 concentration. Andesite magmas have rheological properties that are intermediate between basalt and rhyolite magmas. Silica content in andesites ranges from approximately 52 to 66 weight percent. Common minerals in andesite include plagioclase, amphibole, and pyroxene. Andesite is typically erupted at temperatures between 800 °C and 1000 °C. Andesite is particularly common in subduction zones, where tectonic plates converge and water is introduced into the mantle.

Basalt:

Magma or volcanic rock that contains not more than about 52% SiO2 by weight. Basaltic magmas have a low viscosity. Volcanic gases can escape easily without generating high eruption columns. Basalt is typically erupted at temperatures between 1100 °C and 1250 °C. Basalt flows cover about 70% of the Earth’s surface and huge areas of the terrestrial planets and so are the most important of all crustal igneous rocks.

Bingham liquid:
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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NERC research grant reference NE/C509958/1. OM and AB acknowledge Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-01-00016) and President of Russian Federation program (NCH-4710.2006.1). RSJS acknowledges a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. The Royal Society exchange grants and NERC grants had supported the Bristol/Moscow work over the last 10 years.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Oleg Melnik & Alexei A. Barmin

  2. Earth Science Department, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    R. Stephen J. Sparks & Antonio Costa

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  1. Oleg Melnik
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  2. R. Stephen J. Sparks
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  3. Antonio Costa
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  4. Alexei A. Barmin
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Correspondence to Oleg Melnik .

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    Robert A. Meyers

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Melnik, O., Sparks, R.S.J., Costa, A., Barmin, A.A. (2019). Volcanic Eruptions: Cyclicity During Lava Dome Growth. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_578-2

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