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Phenolics in Human Nutrition: Importance of the Intestinal Microbiome for Isoflavone and Lignan Bioavailability

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Abstract

Depending on nutritional habits, our diet may contain a substantial load of phenolics, defined as plant secondary metabolites consisting of one to several phenol groups. Their bioavailability, in other words the active fraction of ingested amounts that reaches targeted cell types or tissues where biochemical properties can act, is markedly influenced by metabolism and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, our intestine is the primary metabolically active site of absorption of exogenous factors in our body and harbors trillions of microbial cells with a vast metabolic potential, referred to as the intestinal microbiota. The aim of the present book chapter is to give insights into the role of phenolic compounds in human health. We will focus our attention on two families of polyphenols of importance in human nutrition, namely, the isoflavones and lignans, and will discuss in detail the role of intestinal microorganisms in regulating their metabolism and thereby health effects.

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Abbreviations

BMD:

Bone mineral density

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

ED:

Enterodiol

EFSA:

European Food Safety Authority

EL:

Enterolactone

ER:

Estrogen receptor

FOS:

Fructooligosaccharides

GI:

Gastrointestinal

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RCT:

Randomized controlled trials

SDG:

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Prof. Hannelore Daniel (TU München, Molecular Nutrition Unit), Dr. Laura Hanske (German Institute of Human Nutrition Postdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology), Dr. Gemma Henderson (Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch) and Dr. Augustin Scalbert (Clermont University, Department of Human Nutrition) for critically reading the manuscript and giving helpful recommendations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biofunctionality Unit – Junior Research Group Intestinal Microbiome, ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TU München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85350, Germany

    Dr. Thomas Clavel (Chair for Biofunctionality)

  2. Biofunctionality Unit, ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TU München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85350, Germany

    Job O. Mapesa

  3. Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, 536, Egerton, Kenya

    Job O. Mapesa

  4. Agri-Food and Nutrition Innovations, P.O. Box 36374, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya

    Job O. Mapesa

Authors
  1. Dr. Thomas Clavel
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Correspondence to Thomas Clavel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Durga Nursery Road, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, Biological-Active Plant Substances Study, University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Clavel, T., Mapesa, J.O. (2013). Phenolics in Human Nutrition: Importance of the Intestinal Microbiome for Isoflavone and Lignan Bioavailability. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_94

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